SNU Open Repository and ArchiveThe S-Space digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material.http://s-space.snu.ac.kr:802024-03-19T01:18:41Z2024-03-19T01:18:41ZThermal effects of rayon and polyester hijabs in warm-humid and hot-dry environmentsSalsabila, SyifaStenkina, MariaSakina, Sabrina IlmaLee, Joo-Younghttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991192024-03-18T02:08:18Z2024-03-04T00:00:00ZTitle: Thermal effects of rayon and polyester hijabs in warm-humid and hot-dry environments
Authors: Salsabila, Syifa; Stenkina, Maria; Sakina, Sabrina Ilma; Lee, Joo-Young
Abstract: Hijabs are predominantly worn in hot environments, but very rare studies on the thermo-physiological effects of wearing hijabs are found. We investigated the effects of wearing rayon and polyester hijabs on wearers physiological and subjective responses in warm-humid and hot-dry environments. Eight females (25.0 ± 2.3 y in age, 157.7 ± 4.1cm in height, and 50.8 ± 7.5kg in weight) participated in three conditions (No hijab, rayon hijab, and polyester hijab condition) during exercise in two thermal environments: a warm-humid (30°C and 70%RH) and a hot-dry environment (36°C and 30%RH), which generated an identical wet-bulb globe temperature at 27°C. The results showed that no differences in rectal temperature were found among the three clothing conditions or the two environments, whereas auditory canal temperature was higher in the hot-dry than in the warm-humid environment (P < 0.05) with no differences between the polyester and rayon hijab conditions. Mean skin temperature and neck temperature were higher for the polyester condition than for the rayon condition in the warm-humid environment (P < 0.05). Sweat rate was greater for the polyester hijab condition than for the no hijab condition in the warm-humid environment (P = 0.049). Heart rate was greater for the polyester hijab condition than for the other two conditions in the warm-humid environment (P < 0.05). Subjects felt more thermally uncomfortable when wearing the polyester hijab than the rayon hijab in the warm-humid environment. Greater thermal burden of the polyester hijab when compared to the rayon hijab was marked in the warm-humid environment, not in the hot-dry environment.2024-03-04T00:00:00ZInvestigating antiviral activities of iodine-conjugated organic agents against major viruses infecting pepper in KoreaChoi, HoseongJang, SuyeonJung, MinhueKwon, Sun-JungKim, Hee KyongKang, Hyoung-GonLee, DaehongKim, Kook-Hyunghttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991182024-03-18T01:56:02Z2024-03-04T00:00:00ZTitle: Investigating antiviral activities of iodine-conjugated organic agents against major viruses infecting pepper in Korea
Authors: Choi, Hoseong; Jang, Suyeon; Jung, Minhue; Kwon, Sun-Jung; Kim, Hee Kyong; Kang, Hyoung-Gon; Lee, Daehong; Kim, Kook-Hyung
Abstract: Background
Plant viruses cause economic losses by reducing the quantity and quality of major crops. This issue is a growing concern due to the expansion of global trade and climate change. In addition, the emergence of new pathogen strains increases the difficulty of controlling viral diseases. Effective management strategies are therefore needed. The control strategy for viral diseases relies primarily on non-chemical and cultural practices, as no commercial viricides are currently available. Some compounds have been identified as effective against certain viruses, but their use in the field is limited due to issues such as concentration, toxicity, and efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative to discover novel antiviral agents that address the existing challenges associated with the identified antiviral candidate compounds.
Results
In this study, we evaluated iodine-conjugated organic compounds mixed with sialic acid, whey, and blood meal for virus disease management against seven viruses that cause significant yield losses and economic damage to plants. The candidate compounds reduced virus accumulation and symptom development. Treatment with candidate compounds, A4 and A5, reduced viral RNA accumulation to about half that of those in the control group and showed reduced symptoms along with healthier growth. In addition, we performed transcriptome analysis of treatment with two viruses, which suggested that the mechanism of viral RNA replication inhibition might relate to plant defense systems based on phytohormone pathways.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that treatments with naturally derived materials, such as iodine, nitrogen, and sialic acid-conjugated organic substances, may directly or indirectly impact the host plant's resistance to various virus infections. Moreover, our findings suggest that these natural candidate materials could be utilized for managing virus diseases in the field.2024-03-04T00:00:00ZAssociation between brain amyloid deposition and longitudinal changes of white matter hyperintensitiesCha, Woo-JinYi, DahyunAhn, HyejinByun, Min SooChang, Yoon YoungChoi, Jung-MinKim, KyungtaeChoi, HyejiJung, GijungKang, Koung MiSohn, Chul-HoLee, Yun-SangKim, Yu KyeongLee, Dong Younghttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991172024-03-13T14:50:49Z2024-03-07T00:00:00ZTitle: Association between brain amyloid deposition and longitudinal changes of white matter hyperintensities
Authors: Cha, Woo-Jin; Yi, Dahyun; Ahn, Hyejin; Byun, Min Soo; Chang, Yoon Young; Choi, Jung-Min; Kim, Kyungtae; Choi, Hyeji; Jung, Gijung; Kang, Koung Mi; Sohn, Chul-Ho; Lee, Yun-Sang; Kim, Yu Kyeong; Lee, Dong Young
Abstract: Background
Growing evidence suggests that not only cerebrovascular disease but also Alzheimers disease (AD) pathological process itself cause cerebral white matter degeneration, resulting in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Some preclinical evidence also indicates that white matter degeneration may precede or affect the development of AD pathology. This study aimed to clarify the direction of influence between in vivo AD pathologies, particularly beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau deposition, and WMHs through longitudinal approach.
Methods
Total 282 older adults including cognitively normal and cognitively impaired individuals were recruited from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimers Disease (KBASE) cohort. The participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B PET for measuring Aβ deposition, [18F] AV-1451 PET for measuring tau deposition, and MRI scans with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image for measuring WMH volume. The relationships between Aβ or tau deposition and WMH volume were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. In this analysis, baseline Aβ or tau were used as independent variables, and change of WMH volume over 2 years was used as dependent variable to examine the effect of AD pathology on increase of WMH volume. Additionally, we set baseline WMH volume as independent variable and longitudinal change of Aβ or tau deposition for 2 years as dependent variables to investigate whether WMH volume could precede AD pathologies.
Results
Baseline Aβ deposition, but not tau deposition, had significant positive association with longitudinal change of WMH volume over 2 years. Baseline WMH volume was not related with any of longitudinal change of Aβ or tau deposition for 2 years. We also found a significant interaction effect between baseline Aβ deposition and sex on longitudinal change of WMH volume. Subsequent subgroup analyses showed that high baseline Aβ deposition was associated with increase of WMH volume over 2 years in female, but not in male.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that Aβ deposition accelerates cerebral WMHs, particularly in female, whereas white matter degeneration appears not influence on longitudinal Aβ increase. The results also did not support any direction of influence between tau deposition and WMHs.2024-03-07T00:00:00ZValues, challenges, and responses associated with high-priced potential cures: perspectives of diverse stakeholders in South KoreaHong, JihyungBae, Eun-YoungLee, Hye-JaeLee, Tae-JinClarke, Philiphttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991162024-03-13T14:50:49Z2024-03-04T00:00:00ZTitle: Values, challenges, and responses associated with high-priced potential cures: perspectives of diverse stakeholders in South Korea
Authors: Hong, Jihyung; Bae, Eun-Young; Lee, Hye-Jae; Lee, Tae-Jin; Clarke, Philip
Abstract: Background
The emergence of high-priced potential cures has sparked significant health policy discussions in South Korea, where the healthcare system is funded through a single-payer National Health Insurance model. We conducted focus group interviews (FGIs) and accompanying surveys with diverse stakeholders to comprehensively understand related issues and find better solutions to the challenges brought by these technologies.
Methods
From October to November 2022, 11 FGIs were conducted with stakeholders from various sectors, including government payers, policy and clinical experts, civic and patient organisations, and the pharmaceutical industry, involving a total of 25 participants. These qualitative discussions were supplemented by online surveys to effectively capture and synthesise stakeholder perspectives.
Results
Affordability was identified as a critical concern by 84% of stakeholders, followed by clinical uncertainty (76%) and limited value for money (72%). Stakeholders expressed a preference for both financial-based controls and outcome-based pricing strategies to mitigate these challenges. Despite the support for outcome-based refunds, payers raised concerns about the feasibility of instalment payment models, whether linked to outcomes or not, due to the specific challenges of the Korean reimbursement system and the potential risk of cumulative liabilities from ongoing payments for previously administered treatments. In addition, the FGIs highlighted the need for clear budgetary limits for drugs with high uncertainties, with mixed opinions on the creation of special silo funds (64.0% agreement). Less than half (48%) endorsed the use of external reference pricing, currently applied to such essential drugs in South Korea. A significant majority (84%), predominantly non-pharma stakeholders, advocated for addressing cost-effectiveness uncertainty through re-assessment once long-term clinical data become available.
Conclusions
This study uncovers a broad agreement among stakeholders on the need for more effective value assessment methodologies for high-priced potential cures, stressing the importance of more robust and comprehensive re-assessment supported by long-term data collection, rather than primarily relying on external reference pricing. Each type of stakeholders exhibited a cautious approach to their specific uncertainties, suggesting that new funding strategies should accommodate these uncertainties with predefined guidelines and agreements prior to the initiation of managed entry agreements.2024-03-04T00:00:00ZContinual learning framework for a multicenter study with an application to electrocardiogramKim, JunmoLim, Min HyukKim, KwangsooYoon, Hyung-Jinhttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991152024-03-13T02:28:26Z2024-03-06T00:00:00ZTitle: Continual learning framework for a multicenter study with an application to electrocardiogram
Authors: Kim, Junmo; Lim, Min Hyuk; Kim, Kwangsoo; Yoon, Hyung-Jin
Abstract: Deep learning has been increasingly utilized in the medical field and achieved many goals. Since the size of data dominates the performance of deep learning, several medical institutions are conducting joint research to obtain as much data as possible. However, sharing data is usually prohibited owing to the risk of privacy invasion. Federated learning is a reasonable idea to train distributed multicenter data without direct access; however, a central server to merge and distribute models is needed, which is expensive and hardly approved due to various legal regulations. This paper proposes a continual learning framework for a multicenter study, which does not require a central server and can prevent catastrophic forgetting of previously trained knowledge. The proposed framework contains the continual learning method selection process, assuming that a single method is not omnipotent for all involved datasets in a real-world setting and that there could be a proper method to be selected for specific data. We utilized the fake data based on a generative adversarial network to evaluate methods prospectively, not ex post facto. We used four independent electrocardiogram datasets for a multicenter study and trained the arrhythmia detection model. Our proposed framework was evaluated against supervised and federated learning methods, as well as finetuning approaches that do not include any regulation to preserve previous knowledge. Even without a central server and access to the past data, our framework achieved stable performance (AUROC 0.897) across all involved datasets, achieving comparable performance to federated learning (AUROC 0.901).2024-03-06T00:00:00ZNeuroanatomical and neurocognitive correlates of delusion in Alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairmentKwak, SeyulKim, HairinKim, Keun YouOh, Da YoungLee, DasomNam, GieunLee, Jun-Younghttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991142024-03-13T14:50:49Z2024-03-06T00:00:00ZTitle: Neuroanatomical and neurocognitive correlates of delusion in Alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kwak, Seyul; Kim, Hairin; Kim, Keun You; Oh, Da Young; Lee, Dasom; Nam, Gieun; Lee, Jun-Young
Abstract: Background
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and delusions are highly prevalent among people with dementia. However, multiple roots of neurobiological bases and shared neural basis of delusion and cognitive function remain to be characterized. By utilizing a fine-grained multivariable approach, we investigated distinct neuroanatomical correlates of delusion symptoms across a large population of dementing illnesses.
Methods
In this study, 750 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimers disease completed brain structural imaging and neuropsychological assessment. We utilized principal component analysis followed by varimax rotation to identify the distinct multivariate correlates of cortical thinning patterns. Five of the cognitive domains were assessed whether the general cognitive abilities mediate the association between cortical thickness and delusion.
Results
The result showed that distributed thickness patterns of temporal and ventral insular cortex (component 2), inferior and lateral prefrontal cortex (component 1), and somatosensory-visual cortex (component 5) showed negative correlations with delusions. Subsequent mediation analysis showed that component 1 and 2, which comprises inferior frontal, anterior insula, and superior temporal regional thickness accounted for delusion largely through lower cognitive functions. Specifically, executive control function assessed with the Trail Making Test mediated the relationship between two cortical thickness patterns and delusions.
Discussion
Our findings suggest that multiple distinct subsets of brain regions underlie the delusions among older adults with cognitive impairment. Moreover, a neural loss may affect the occurrence of delusion in dementia largely due to impaired general cognitive abilities.2024-03-06T00:00:00ZDevelopment of a multidisciplinary medication management program in nursing homes: protocol for a randomized controlled trialLee, Hye JunJang, SunmeeLee, Ju-YeunAh, Young-MiLee, Mi-KyungJang, SuhyunAn, SenaKim, Jung-Hahttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991132024-03-13T02:21:05Z2024-03-04T00:00:00ZTitle: Development of a multidisciplinary medication management program in nursing homes: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee, Hye Jun; Jang, Sunmee; Lee, Ju-Yeun; Ah, Young-Mi; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Jang, Suhyun; An, Sena; Kim, Jung-Ha
Abstract: Background
Polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications are common among nursing home residents and are associated with negative outcomes. Although deprescribing has been proposed as a way to curtail these problems, the best way to implement multidisciplinary comprehensive medication review and deprescribing and its real impact in specific high-risk populations, such as nursing home residents, is still unclear. This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial aims to assess the effects of a multidisciplinary mediation management program on medication use and health problems.
Methods
A total of 1,672 residents aged ≥ 65 years from 22 nursing homes in South Korea who meet the targeted criteria, such as the use of ≥ 10 medications, are eligible to participate. The experimental group will receive a comprehensive medication review, deprescription, and multidisciplinary case conference with the help of platform. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, at the end of the intervention, as well as at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the end of the intervention. The primary endpoints will be the rate of adverse drug events, number of potentially inappropriate medications/potentially inappropriate medication users/two or more central nervous system drug/ central nervous system drug users, delirium, emergency department visits, hospitalization, and falls. The secondary endpoint will be the number of medications taken and polypharmacy users.
Discussion
Our trial design is unique in that it aims to introduce a structured operationalized clinical program focused on reducing polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in a nursing home setting with large samples.
Trial registration
Ethical approval was granted by the public institutional review board of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2022-1092-009). The study is also registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (Identifier: KCT0008157, Development and evaluation of a multidisciplinary medication management program in long-term care facility residents Status: Approved First Submitted Date: 2023/01/18 Registered Date: 2023/02/03 Last Updated Date: 2023/01/18 (nih.go.kr) https://cris.nih.go.kr/), which includes all items from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Dataset.2024-03-04T00:00:00Z종교학연구 Vol.41 목차https://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991122024-03-13T02:03:07Z2023-12-01T00:00:00ZTitle: 종교학연구 Vol.41 목차2023-12-01T00:00:00ZThe Dilemma of a Young Liberal Poet: How to Read Tory Reviewers' Critique of Keats's PoetryMin, Byoung Chunhttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991112024-03-12T02:29:22Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: The Dilemma of a Young Liberal Poet: How to Read Tory Reviewers' Critique of Keats's Poetry
Authors: Min, Byoung Chun
Abstract: This essay attempts to read Tory reviewers' critique of Keats's poetry as a historical instance where a liberal/radical poet's project of shaping an ideal public sphere through free communication with readers was distorted and ultimately frustrated. The two representative Tory reviews on Keats's early poetry were John Lockhart's in Blackwood's and John Wilson Croker's in the Quarterly Review, and they intended to criticize Poems of 1817 and Endymion. While these reviews purportedly aimed to critique the immature and vulgar aspects of Keats's poetry, their true objective was to target Keats's liberal/radical political creeds associated with the Hunt circle and thus neutralize the validity of his works within the contemporary cultural sphere. For this purpose, those reviewers employ the following rhetorical strategies. First, they focus on Keats's social status as a lower middle class apothecary in their assaults on his poetry, effectively undermining his credibility as a legitimate poet. Second, they attempt to manipulate the taste of the public by imposing politically and ideologically biased evaluations of literary works upon the reader, presuming that the taste of the general populace is bound to be controlled by superior cultural authorities. As a result of these strategies, the Tory reviewers succeeded in inflicting detrimental impacts on Keats's literary pursuits not only by subjecting him to a series of financial burdens but also by frustrating his original attempt to connect with the public through bis poetic practice. And these detrimental impacts led Keats to develop ambivalent and contradictory attitudes towards the public in his later literary career.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z재외 한국학교 교원의 인사관리 규정 분석 및 개선 방향박성혁이채영김경래송성민https://hdl.handle.net/10371/1991102024-03-12T02:29:19Z2023-04-01T00:00:00ZTitle: 재외 한국학교 교원의 인사관리 규정 분석 및 개선 방향
Authors: 박성혁; 이채영; 김경래; 송성민
Abstract: 본 연구는 재외 한국학교 교원의 인사관리에 관한 법령과 개별 한국학교의 정관 및 인사규정을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 교원의 임면에 관해 많은 한국학교가 상위 규범인 재외국민교육법 제21조에 배치되는 내용을 담고 있어 이를 검토할 필요가 있으며, 임면권의 소재를 정관에 보다 명확히 규정할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 교원 자격에 관해서 재외국민교육법 제23조에서 정하는 바보다 느슨한 자격요건을 제시하는 학교가 많았다. 교원 자격에 관한 현지 법령을 따르는 경우가 있기에 그 괴리 자체가 문제가 된다고 볼 수는 없지만, 그럼에도 현재 모호한 자격요건은 구체적인 근거를 바탕으로 명확하게 제시될 필요가 있다. 한편, 법령과 현실의 괴리가 다수 나타나는 지점이기에 현재 법령의 규정이 현실성 있는 규정인지 개별 한국학교의 사정을 고려하여 검토할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 파견교사 추천 제도를 검토할 필요가 있으며 교원 채용의 절차를 명확하게 규정하지 않은 학교가 있어 교원 채용 절차의 공정성과 투명성을 제고하기 위한 장치가 필요하다. 넷째, 근무 기간, 보수를 포함한 근무 조건에 대해 사전에 명확히 규정할 필요가 있으며, 파견교사, 초빙교사, 현지채용교사 등 교사 채용 유형의 구분과 이에 따른 근무 조건의 차이가 적절한지에 대한 검토가 필요하다.2023-04-01T00:00:00Z