Taxonomic revision of the Barnacle Superfamily Balanoidea (Thecostraca, Cirripedia, Thoracica) in Korea

Abstract

The superfamily Balanoidea firstly described in 1817 by Leach belongs to the order Sessilia of infraclass Cirripedia in the Crustacea. It is the largest and most widely distributed group in Sessilia. In Korea, 3 families, 4 subfamilies, 11 genera and 36 species have been reported in previous study by Kim (1998). Since then, the classification scheme of superfamily Balanoidea was changed a lot and is needed to revision. DNA barcoding is a molecular diagnostic method that provides accurate and rapid crustacean identification (Hebert and Gregory, 2005). It is considered as an effective tool for species identification. In this study, a systematic study of the superfamily Balanoidea in Korean waters was carried out on the basis of morphological and DNA barcoding. The examined specimens in the present study were collected by the author and other people at 22 localities from 1998 to 2016. Among them, some specimens were provided from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). 38 species of 18 genera in 3 families belonging to the superfamily Balanoidea were revised in this study. Of these, 2 species, Perforatus perforatus (Bruguière, 1789) and Cantellius arcuatus (Hiro, 1938), are new to Korean waters. Tetraclitella multicostata (Nilsson-Cantell, 1930) is also new to Korean waters, however, this species belongs to superfamily Tetraclitoidea (Gruvel, 1903). 22 species, including 2 species mentioned above, belonging to 13 genera were fully described and illustrated. This study also provided taxonomic key to the 38 species of the Korean Balanoid barnacles. For DNA barcoding in species level, 33 individuals of 11 species were successfully sequenced in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). These 11 species belong to 2 families, Balanidae Leach, 1806 and Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825. Maximum intraspecific Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) variation was 2.67% and minimum interspecific K2P variation was 8.15%. The mean interspecific sequence variation of these 11 species was 13.6%. The species belonging to Balanidae and Pyrgomatidae can be identified by DNA barcoding.