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Spontaneous bone regeneration after surgical extraction of a horizontally impacted mandibular third molar: a retrospective panoramic radiograph analysis

Cited 5 time in Web of Science Cited 4 time in Scopus
Authors

Kim, Eugene; Eo, Mi Young; Nguyen, Truc Ti Hoang; Yang, Hoon Joo; Myoung, Hoon; Kim, Soung Min

Issue Date
2019-01-30
Publisher
Springer Open
Citation
Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2019 Jan 30;41(1):4
Keywords
Impacted third molarVertical impactionRadiographic infrabony defect (RID)Pederson’s difficulty index (DI)Panoramic radiograph
Abstract
Background
The mandibular third molar (M3) is typically the last permanent tooth to erupt because of insufficient space and thick soft tissues covering its surface. Problems such as alveolar bone loss, development of a periodontal pocket, exposure of cementum, gingival recession, and dental caries can be found in the adjacent second molars (M2) following M3 extraction. The specific aims of the study were to assess the amount and rate of bone regeneration on the distal surface of M2 and to evaluate the aspects of bone regeneration in terms of varying degree of impaction.

Methods
Four series of panoramic radiographic images were obtained from the selected cases, including images from the first visit, immediately after extraction, 6weeks, and 6months after extraction. ImageJ software® (NIH, USA) was used to measure linear distance from the region of interest to the distal root of the adjacent M2. Radiographic infrabony defect (RID) values were calculated from the measured radiographic bone height and cementoenamel junction with distortion compensation. Repeated measures of analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the statistical significant difference between RID and time, and a Spearman correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between Pedersons difficulty index (DI) and RID.

Results
A large RID (> 6 mm) can be reduced gradually and consistently over time. More than half of the samples recovered nearly to their normal healthy condition (RID ≤ 3 mm) by the 6-month follow-up. DI affected the first 6weeks of post-extraction period and only showed a significant positive correlation with respect to the difference between baseline and final RID.

Conclusions
Additional treatments on M2 for a minimum of 6months after an M3 extraction could be recommended. Although DI may affect bone regeneration during the early healing period, further study is required to elucidate any possible factors associated with the healing process. The DI does not cause any long-term adverse effects on bone regeneration after surgical extraction.
ISSN
2288-8586
Language
English
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/147173
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-018-0187-8
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