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Two Essays on Electric Vehicle Use in Nepal
Consumer Preferences and Barriers Analysis

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dc.contributor.advisorKim, Yeonbae-
dc.contributor.authorLaxman Prasad Ghimire-
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-21T02:32:24Z-
dc.date.available2019-10-21T02:32:24Z-
dc.date.issued2019-08-
dc.identifier.other000000157527-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/162038-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000157527ko_KR
dc.description학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공,2019. 8. Kim, Yeonbae.-
dc.description.abstractElectric vehicles (EVs) can be considered an alternative technology to reduce greenhouse gas emission in the transportation sector. The government of Nepal also aims to accelerate the use of EVs. Nepal does not have any proven fossil fuel reserves; however, it does have a high potential for hydroelectricity, which could be sufficient to meet the demand for EVs. The share of petroleum products could be reduced if the country can increase its hydroelectricity production and its use in the vehicle sector.
Thus, the first part of this study examines consumer preferences and conducts market simulations based on different scenarios for electric vehicle use in the context of Nepal. Stated preference data is collected by conjoint designed survey. Then mixed logit and latent class model are applied for estimation. Results show that potential consumers having small family size, lower monthly travel distance, environmentally aware, and electric vehicle knowledge are more likely to adopt the electric vehicle. We find that the reduction in purchase price is most effective to increase consumers likelihood to purchase battery electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Market simulation result suggests that policy mix scenario is more effective than single policy support for EVs. Finally, latent class estimation pointed out three distinct classes of consumers in Nepal implying significant heterogeneity among potential vehicle users. This variation should be addressed within the policies to increase the demand for electric vehicles.
The second part of this study attempts to identify the barriers to electric vehicles diffusion in the context of Nepal and to rank them. Seventeen barriers were identified from previous studies, reports, policy documents, and interaction with stakeholders. Identified barriers were classified into five categories; technical, policy, economic, infrastructure, and social. Then, the comparative survey was performed to get experts opinion on identified barriers and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was used for estimating and ranking the barriers. Results reveal infrastructure, policy, economic, and technical barriers are important barrier categories with the comparison to social barrier category. Likewise, lack of charging stations, higher purchase price, and lack of government long-term plan and goal is ranked top three in overall barriers.
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dc.description.abstract전기자동차 (EV)는 운송부문에서 온실가스배출을 줄이기 위한 대안기술 중 하나입니다. 또한 네팔 정부는 전기자동차 사용의 확대를 주요한 정책목표로 하고 있습니다. 네팔은 화석연료의 매장량은 적지만 수력발전에 대해서는 높은 가능성을 가지고 있으며, 이는 전기자동차에 대한 수요를 충족시키기에 충분한 양입니다.
본 논문의 첫 번째 부분(에세이)에서는 전기자동차에 대한 네발 소비자의 선호도를 조사하고 다양한 시나리오를 기반으로 수요시뮬레이션을 실시하였습니다. 소비자 선호 자료는 네팔 소비자를 대상으로 한 설문을 통해 수집되었습니다 (진술선호분석). . 그런 다음 수집된 자료를 혼합로짓모형 (Mixed Logit Model)과 Latent Class Model을 이용하여 통계분석을 하였습니다. 분석결과는 작은 가족, 더 낮은 월간 이동 거리, 환경문제에 대한 높은 인식 및 전기자동차 지식을 가진 소비자가 전기자동차를 채택 할 가능성이 높음을 보여줍니다. 또한 수요 시뮬레이션 결과는 단일 정책 보다는 동시에 사용하는 정책믹스의 경우가 전기자동차 확대에 더 효과적임을 보여주고 있습니다. 마지막으로 Latent Class Model 결과는 네팔 소비자가 세가지 크게 다른 (이질적인) 그룹으로 나뉠 수 있음을 보여 주었습니다.
이 논문의 두 번째 부분 (essay)은 네팔의 전기 자동차 보급에 대한 다양한 장벽 (Barriers)을 식별하고 그 장벽들 사이의 중요도 순위를 매기는 분석입니다. 기존 관련 연구의 분석을 통해 17가지의 장벽이 확인되었고, 확인 된 장벽들은 다섯가지 범주로 분류되었습니다 (기술, 정책, 경제, 인프라 및 사회). 그런 다음 분석적 계층프로세스 (AHP) 방법을 사용하여 해당분야의 전문가들의 장벽의 중요도에 대한 의견을 파악했습니다. 분석결과는 인프라, 정책, 경제 및 기술 장벽 모두가 상대적으로 중요한 장벽 범주 들임을 보여줍니다. 즉 네팔의 전기자동차 확대를 위해서는 특정 부문에 집중된 지원보다는 인프라, 정책, 경제 및 기술에 걸친 종합적인 (comprehensive) 접근이 필요함을 보여 주고 있습니다.
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dc.description.tableofcontentsChapter 1. Overview 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Motivation and Problem Description 4
1.2.1 Context of Nepal 4
1.2.2 Research Gap 13
1.3 Research Objectives 13
Chapter 2. Literature Review 15
2.1 Alternative Fuel Vehicles 15
2.2 Consumer Preference Studies 17
2.2.1 Revealed Preference 18
2.2.2 Stated Preference 18
2.2.3 Stated Preferences Studies 19
2.2.4 Review on Modeling Techniques 27
2.3 Analysis of Barriers 31
2.3.1 Previous Studies on Barriers 31
2.3.2 Identification of Barriers 33
2.3.3 Selection of Method 34
Chapter 3. Consumer Preferences Analysis on Electric Vehicle use in Nepal 36
3.1 Introduction 36
3.2 Research Design 38
3.2.1 Conjoint Method 38
3.2.2 Variables 40
3.2.3 Survey and Data 42
3.3 Model Specifications 45
3.3.1 Mixed Logit 45
3.3.2 Latent Class Model (LCM) 46
3.4 Results and Discussion 48
3.4.1 Mixed Logit Estimation 48
3.4.1 Elasticity 50
3.4.2 Market Simulations with Different Scenarios 52
3.4.3 Latent Class Estimation 56
3.5 Conclusion 60
Chapter 4. Analysis of Barriers against Electric Vehicle Use in Nepal 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Literature Review 65
4.3 Identification of Barriers 67
4.3.1 Technical Barriers 68
4.3.2 Social Barriers 70
4.3.3 Economic Barriers 71
4.3.4 Infrastructure Barriers 73
4.3.5 Policy Barriers 74
4.4 Method 79
4.4.1 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 79
4.4.2 Survey and Data 81
4.5 Results and Discussion 83
4.5.1 Ranking Barrier Categories 83
4.5.2 Ranking within Categories 83
4.5.3 Overall Ranking 86
4.5.4 Discussion 87
4.5.5 Group Results 90
4.6 Conclusion 92
Chapter 5. Conclusions and Implications 94
5.1 Summary of Results 94
5.2 Contributions and Implications 96
5.2.1 Synthesis Results of Two Studies 97
5.2.2 Policy Implications 98
5.3 Limitations and Future Research 99
References 101
Appendix A: Survey questionnaires for consumer preferences study 113
Appendix B: Survey questionnaires for barriers analysis 118
Appendix C: Barriers Analysis- Conversant and Intended to Buy Vehicle Users 123
Abstract in Korean (초록) 125
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dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectElectric Vehicle-
dc.subject.ddc658.514-
dc.titleTwo Essays on Electric Vehicle Use in Nepal-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthor라스만기미레-
dc.contributor.department공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.date.awarded2019-08-
dc.title.subtitleConsumer Preferences and Barriers Analysis-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000157527-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000040▲000000000041▲000000157527▲-
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