임진왜란시 도교 술법(術法)의 수용 양상: 정탁의 『약포선조유묵』을 중심으로

Abstract

A war plays an important role in the exchange and diffusion of religious culture. For instance, the Japanese invasion of Joseon (1592-1598) provided a critical momentum for accepting and applying the Daoist magico-ritual techniques of Ming Dynasty for a successful war. The Yakposeonjoyumuk(藥圃先祖遺墨) written by Yakpo Jeong Tak(鄭琢, 1526~1605) is the oldest record in the history of Joseon Dynasty reflecting its efforts to overcome the crisis of an international war by motivating the knowledge from the magico-ritual techniques stemmed from the Military School and the Daoist School of the Ming Dynasty. Jeong understood the war as an unreasonable and unpredictable area belonged to gods beyond the limitation of the human beings. He predicted the superhuman variables related to the war through the magical techniques of Qi Mun Dun Jia(奇門遁甲) with the movement of Qi (氣) or generals of gods(神將) and heaven soldiers(天兵), and recorded such Daoist techniques to use the superhuman variables. Accordingly, his book shows well the actual aspects of accepting and using the magico-ritual techniques of the Military and Daoist Schools introduced from the Ming, particularly the Daoist rituals and magical skills, spells and talismans, mudras, Qi Mun Dun Jia, and Liu Ren(六壬) techniques. His book exerted certain influences on the history of the Korean religious culture during the late Joseon Dynasty. In particular, the magico-ritual interest on the God of Thunder(雷神) and Thunder Rituals(雷法) which were emerged as important factors for the victory of the war influenced not only on the belief of war gods(軍神) but also on the belief and rituals of the Supreme Deity of the modern Korean national religions. The book indicates dramatically that a war is an important motif activating the performing effect of magico-ritual techniques.