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Lithium-excess olivine electrode for lithium rechargeable batteries

Cited 45 time in Web of Science Cited 47 time in Scopus
Authors

Park, Kyu-Young; Park, Inchul; Kim, Hyungsub; Yoon, Gabin; Gwon, Hyeokjo; Cho, Yongbeom; Yun, Young Soo; Kim, Jung-Joon; Lee, Seongsu; Ahn, Docheon; Kim, Yunok; Kim, Haegyeom; Hwang, Insang; Yoon, Won-Sub; Kang, Kisuk

Issue Date
2016-09
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Citation
Energy and Environmental Sciences, Vol.9 No.9, pp.2902-2915
Abstract
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) has attracted tremendous attention as an electrode material for next-generation lithium-rechargeable battery systems due to the use of low-cost iron and its electrochemical stability. While the lithium diffusion in LFP, the essential property in battery operation, is relatively fast due to the one-dimensional tunnel present in the olivine crystal, the tunnel is inherently vulnerable to the presence of Fe-Li anti-site defects (Fe ions in Li ion sites), if any, that block the lithium diffusion and lead to inferior performance. Herein, we demonstrate that the kinetic issue arising from the Fe-Li defects in LFP can be completely eliminated in lithium-excess olivine LFP. The presence of an excess amount of lithium in the Fe ion sites (Li-Fe) energetically destabilizes the Fe-Li-related defects, resulting in reducing the amount of Fe defects in the tunnel. Moreover, we observe that the spinodal decomposition barrier is notably reduced in lithium-excess olivine LFP. The presence of Li-Fe and the absence of Fe-Li in lithium-excess olivine LFP additionally induce faster kinetics, resulting in an enhanced rate capability and a significantly reduced memory effect. The lithium-excess concept in the electrode crystal brings up unexpected properties for the pristine crystal and offers a novel and interesting approach to enhance the diffusivity and open up additional diffusion paths in solid-state ionic conductors.
ISSN
1754-5692
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/165037
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01266c
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