신라 중고기 왕경의 숲 개간과 경관변화

Abstract

This paper is a comprehensive review of the forestry articles of the Gyeongju Basin from the view of ecological environment history. In previous studies, forest space was just a background of human history. From the view of socio-economic history, it has been described as a subject that human beings must develop or overcome to promote agricultural production. However, recent accumulation of research has clarified that the state power seeks to take control of the forest space and its resources. In this paper, I tried to read the forest, which had not been studied in the existing viewpoint, into the historical space that interacted with human society. According to the results of archaeological excavation, the Gyeongju Basin is seen as a rare human space before the 4th century. As human intervention is rare, the forests in the Gyeongju Basin grew lushly. In the lower part of the Gyeongju Basin, wetland was formed as the groundwater level increased. Wetlands flourished in forests like Su(藪) covered with vegetation. As the population migrated to the Gyeongju Basin increased and the quality and quantity of steel tools improved, the forests and wetlands of the Gyeongju Basin were cleared. In the early days, forests were cut down and wetlands were buried according to the needs of the dominant layer. However, as the grid-like road network gradually divided into the Gyeongju Basin, forests and wetlands became the subjects of full-scale clearing. The so-called Ri-bang Local Administration(里坊制) reflected the natural view that the Gyeongju Basins forests and wetlands can be removed at any rate. The forest was originally considered a sacred outside world with limited human access. However, forests and wetlands have become fully developed, and development sites have become visible throughout the Gyeongju Basin. As a result, the forest gradually transformed into an inner world in which human daily life takes place.