선거제도의 변화와 민주화 이후 선거개혁 - 필리핀, 태국, 인도네시아의 사례

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review the changes of electoral system and the electoral reforms after democratization in the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia, and to compare similarities and differences of electoral reforms after democratization in each country. In particular, this study introduces the concept of competitiveness and fairness of electoral system. Based on these concepts, it also analyzes the changing process and the contexts of electoral reforms.

This paper proposes that each country has experienced various changes of electoral system, and they similarly tried to elevate its competitiveness and the fairness by electoral reform after democratization. But the method of electoral reform is somewhat different in each country. The Philippines emphasized the competitiveness of electoral system by adopting the party list system and the guest candidate system. Thailand and Indonesia also improved the basic competitiveness of electoral system, and for the stability of party politics, limited the participation of non-partisan candidate in electoral process. Thailand made the distribution threshold of parliamentary seat in the party list system. Indonesia limited small parties, which received only small number of votes, to participate in next elections.