汎愛學派가 近代體育의 形成에 미친 影響

Abstract

The writer reviewed Naturalism, its education, and its view of physical education, and researched the view of physical education of the educator of philandropium who has directly realized. them. Rousseau discussed the method by which man adapts to changing invironment and asserted "Back to Nature" in Emile. This naturalistic idea of Rousseau deeply influenced to a group of educators of philandropium-Basedow, Simon, Toit who were philandropist of Desseau and Salzman, Andre, Gutsmus who were those of Schnephental They carried the sense-oriented training education into effect from a naturalistic standpoint. Also, they made us recognized that the physical educetion is no less than the intellectual in school. This study made an investigation into the goal and method of their education and how their academic traditions which was tied to Nationalism that was the situation of that period influenced on the formation of modern physical education and how it has developed. The significance and influences of the philandropist school that has contributed to the formation of modern physical education could be summerized as follows; First, Philandropists accepted the most of naturalistic thought from Rousseue's "Emile" which is to be called the work of his educational philosophy. Second, They put Naturalism as a trend of education impact into practice to apply it to the physical education. Third, They stressed upon the method of juvenile-centered education and field life, and carried the sense-oriented training for living into effect which chooses teaching materials that is made up of the subject like Nature. Forth, They largely contributed to the systematization of physical education for the system of modern school. Fifth, They presented the methodological system with which the physical education can take charge of the central role of nationl education when we pan-nationally carry the national education into effect under the name of Nationalism.