19세기 러시아 작가들의 몸 기호학

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the "Body Semiology" of three 19th century Russian writers, Pushkin, Gogol, and Tolstoy, who showed an uncommon interest in the human body. In The Queen of Spades Pushkin emphasizes eye semiology. The eyes of the protagonist German symbolize the code for desire. He reveals his hidden desire by looking at the gambling world. His gaze becomes more and more insidious like an avaricious man, and his suppressed wants turns into an obsession. The desire that has entered through the eye ultimately drives German into a murderer and self destroyer In Gogols works, the eye is always connected with Demonism, which is dominant in most of his works. To whoever reaches the gaze of the "vicious eye", hapless fate and diseases attain him. The belief of the "vicious eye's"， power revives in Gogols novel The Portrait. Just by looking at the eye, it could exhibit aggressive emotions and destructive desires which causes harm to others, including death. The belief of the existence in this "vicious eye" is referred to in many of Gogols productions. The novelette The Nose shows both the protagonists actual world and the noses surrealistic world which presents the mistaken belief and the uneasiness of human reality. To Gogol, dismantlement and

destruction is a technique to organize and make up a new meaning. Especially he delivers a new message by using human bodys dismantlement or devastation. In The Nose, the bodys dismantlement and devastation reaches its climax by surrealistic techniques. This is subjected to two varieties where the nose stands for bureaucracy and the bureaucracy stands for the nose. Attempts to read into human inner value by the body's outer characteristics, namely phrenology and physiognomy were in vogue. The most typical writer who grasped human inner world by facial expressions and gestures in a unique way is Tolstoy. Especially in Anna Karenina, Tolstoy uses laughter and eye as a corporal expression of inner emotion. Human :laughter is also considered as body language. It is also a body

sign that shows individual's personality and character, which is the body's natural reaction tending to be remembered for a long time. A woman's smile is the best sign to attract men's gaze and also a symbol of fascinating beauty. To Russian writers, gesture is not only a sign of desire but the best method of communication.