바흐친과 칸트, 신칸트주의 - 초기 사유의 지성사적 맥락에 관하여

Abstract

It is well known that early Bakhtinian thought was deeply influenced by Kant,

especially Neo-Kantianism which prevailed in the beginning of 20-th century in

Europe. Bakhtin was all aware of Neo-Kantianists philosophy through Matvei

Kagan, a friend of Bakhtin circle who studied in Marburg. But it was Kant

that appeared as Bakhtins real rival in his genesis of thought, because Bakhtins

Philosophy of act and other early essays actually oriented to the ethical

problematics of Kant. I think this kind of research belongs to the study of the

intellectual history. This article aims to show the intellectual contexts between

early Baktin and Kant, Neo-Kantianism. I tried to inquire the unspoken context

of Bakhtins first essay Art and Answerability in which Bakhtin declared the

unity between Life and Ethics in Modern world. In this regard, Bakhtin is

thoroughly counted as an epigonen of the Kantian philosophical problematics,

because Kant was the very man who justified the division of the Modern

cultural areas. The later development of Bakhtinian thought was characterized as

a kind of answer to the Kants problems, including the period of the

Philosophical Aesthetics in 1920-s. In result, Individuality(Lichnost) and

Answerability were the key concepts in this phase of young Bakhtin.