세계화 시기 코포라티즘 정치의 전환: 스웨덴과 네덜란드의 예를 통해 본 통치전략적 성격과 정치체제적 성격

Abstract

자본주의 국가에서 코포라티즘은 전체주의 정당 혹은 사민주의 정당의 집권을 배경으로 등장하여, 합의주의 정치구조와 노사 역관계 구조에 따라 사회갈등 해결의 핵심수단으로서 장기적 · 지속적으로 기능하거나 제도화됨으로써 정치체제화된 것이다. 따라서 코포라티즘은 정치 · 사회 · 경제적 배경의 변화에 조용하는 방식으로서 집권당이 선택한 통치전략이자 구조적 요인에 의해 직접 결정된 정치체제라는 양면성을 띤다고 할 수 있다.

The Corporatism in capitalistic societies has appeared when totalitarian or social democratic parties have come into power, and have become a political system with continuously functioning or being institutionalized as the main instrument of the settlement of social conflicts on the structural basis of consociationalism and industrial power relations. Therefore the corporatism has a double-faced character as a formation which corresponds to the change of political, social and economical circumstances: for one thing the character of governmental strategy which government parties select, and for another the character of political system which is deterrninated directly by the structural factors. While state corporatism has appeared corresponding to the european political, social and economical circumstances between the two World Wars as both a governmental strategy of totalitarian parties and a process and principle of movement of fascistic system, demand-side social corporatism has appeared corresponding to the Keynesian political, social and economical circumstances after the second World War as both a governmental strategy of social democratic 'pro-workers Volksparteien' and a process and principle of movement of welfare state system, and supply-side social corporatism has appeared corresponding to the period of neoliberal globa1ization as both a governmental strategy of modem social democratic Schumpeterian 'economy-parties' and a process and principle of movement of neoliberal state system The Swedish demand-side corporatism which was relatively not strongly influenced has faced with the crisis of denouncement of corporatism itself because of political failure and change into catch-all party of SAP and inner-conflict of workers movement, but on the contrary the demand-side corporatism of the Netherlands which was strongly influenced has transformed into supply-side corporatism because of the change into Schumpeterian 'economy-party' and offensive movement of capital.