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영업방법 발명 등 컴퓨터프로그램 관련 발명의 특허법적 보호에 관한 비교법적 고찰 : A Comparative Study on Patent Protection for Computer Software-related Inventions including Business Method

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Authors

박준석

Issue Date
2009-09
Publisher
한국비교사법학회
Citation
비교사법 Vol.16 No.3, pp. 453-509
Keywords
사회과학Patent-Eligibility of ProcessSoftware PatentBusiness Method PatentLaw of NatureMachine-or-Transformation Test
Abstract
The scope of patentable subject matter in computer software including businessmethod is limited by the consideration that the result will be harmful to thepurpose of the patent act if there would be a monopoly on the law of nature,mathematical formula, and abstract ideas. Under this consideration, US SupremeCourt have clarified through its decisions in Benson, Flook, and Diehr that thesoftwares algorithm itself isnt the patentable subject matter and the patent couldbe given only if there is substantial practical application of the software.However, US Supreme Courts decisions have shown a subtle discrepancy in thedetailed standard for the application. Since its decision in State Street Bank, USCAFC had taken a pro-patent standard in which any business method with auseful, tangible and concrete result could be patented. This extremely pro-patenttest was struck down by the CAFC itself in recent Bilski case where the newmachine-or-transformation test governed. On the other hand, the standard set upallegedly by the Diehr decision, in which a software patent shall be given only ifthe software should transform a particular article into a different state or thing,seems to be inappropriate for the newest and future technology such as electronicsignals. As a result, the most probable standard in determining whether asoftware-related invent is patent-eligible as a process patent or not would be thetest set up by the Benson decision. Under Benson test, whether or not softwaretransforms a particular article into a different state or thing will be just a mostimportant factor, not the sole factor in the determination.EPOs decisions with its criterion for technical character of software have built a higher standard to get a patent than so-called useful, tangible and concrete resulttest of US. Japans interpretation of its own Patent Act requiring the application ofthe law of nature also seems to be a higher test, as does the Korean courtsinterpretation of Korean Patent Act. As compared with the probable result of USSupreme Courts ruling in Bilski case, the Korean courts interpretation happens tobe pertinent to the matter.
사실 컴퓨터프로그램에 관하여 우리 특허법에서는 직접 정의를 내리고 있지 않음은 물론 별도로 취급한 규정도 존재하지 않는다. 따라서 부득이 같은 지적재산권법 중 저작권법의 표현을 빌리자면 특정한 결과를 얻기 위하여 컴퓨터 등 정보처리능력을 가진 장치 내에서 직접 또는 간접으로 사용되는 일련의 지시ㆍ명령(저작권법 제2조 제16호 참조)이라고 정의할 수 있겠다. 프로그램(program)이라는 용어 이외에도, 컴퓨터 하드웨어에 대비되는 객체를 지칭하기 위한 말로서 소프트웨어(software)라는 표현도 자주 사용되며, 우리 법제에서도 가령 소프트웨어산업 진흥법 등에서 이런 용어를 쓰고 있다. 전자와 후자를 엄밀히 구별하자면, 소프트웨어는 프로그램을 작성하고 실행시키기 위한 시스템이라고 정의할 수 있고 여기에는 프로그램 이외에도 시스템 설계도, 순서도(flowchart), 매뉴얼(manual) 등이 포함되므로 소프트웨어가 프로그램보다는 더 넓은 의미의 용어라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 특허법에서 보호대상으로 논의대상이 되는 것은 이러한 광의의 소프트웨어라기보다는 그 중 프로그램에 국한된다.
Language
Korean
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/92503
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