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Evaluation of Creep Feeding Duration and Creep Feed Quality for Suckling Piglets to Improve Growth Performance during Pre- and Post-weaning : 이유 후 사료 자돈의 사료 적응성 향상을 위한 입붙이 사료의 급여기간과 품질의 조절방안

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Authors

허필승

Advisor
김유용
Major
농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부
Issue Date
2013-08
Publisher
서울대학교 대학원
Keywords
Creep feedPigletWeaningGut development
Description
학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농생명공학부, 2013. 8. 김유용.
Abstract
Evaluation of Creep Feeding Duration and Creep Feed Quality for Suckling Piglets to Improve Growth Performance during Pre- and Post-weaning

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the 1) Effects of early feeding of highly digestible creep feed on pre-weaning growth performance and gut development of suckling piglet and lactation performance of sow, 2) Effects of feeding different creep feeds on pre- and post-weaning performance and gut development in pigs and 3) Effects of supplementation of SBM during suckling period on pre- and post-weaning hematological property and immune parameter.

Experiment I. Effects of early feeding of highly digestible creep feed on pre-weaning piglet growth, gut development and lactation performance of sow

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of creep feeding duration on growth performance, feed consumption and intestinal development of suckling piglets and lactating sow performance. A total of 40 multiparous sows and their litters were allotted to one of four treatments according to creep feeding duration in a completely randomized design (CRD). Eight litters per treatment were allowed to access creep feed from 4, 11, 18 or 25 d postpartum, while 8 litters were not provided creep feed during entire 28 days of lactation. Sow feed and creep feed were provided ad libitum during the experimental period. Providing creep feed did not affect body weight and weight gain of piglets until 17 d. From 18 to 24 day, average daily gain was improved linearly as creep feeding duration increased (linear, P<0.05). However, from 25 to 28 days, average daily gain tended to increase then decrease as creep feeding duration increased (quadratic, P=0.06). Piglets consumed creep feed (eaters) did not show differences with non-eaters, but both of piglets showed higher weight gain than piglets not provided creep feed after 18 d significantly (P<0.05). In each treatments, number of eaters and creep feed consumption were increased as piglets aged. The lowest creep feed intake was observed when piglets provided creep feed from 4 d postpartum (P<0.05). As piglets consumed creep feed from 18 d postpartum, body weight of sow was increased during lactation, and tended to shorten weaning to estrus interval (P=0.06). When creep feed was not provided to piglets, higher citric acid contents in milk was observed (P<0.05). At 28 d, 6 piglets of each treatment were slaughtered to determine intestinal morphology and intestinal microflora. Linear reductions of duodenal villus height and crypt depth were observed as creep feeding duration decreased (P<0.1). In microflora population, linear increase of Ct values of Lactobacillus casei were observed in ileum (P<0.05), colon (P<0.05) and rectum (P<0.05) as creep feeding duration increased. In contrast, Ct values of Lactobacillus plantarum were linearly decreased in cecum, colon and rectum as creep feeding duration increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, providing highly digestible creep feed during lactation could improve suckling piglet performance but early allowance to creep feed declines further creep feed intake during late lactation period.

Experiment II. Effects of feeding different creep feeds on pre- and post-weaning performance and gut development in pigs

This experiment was performed to determine the effects of supplementation of different creep feeds on suckling piglet performance and further adjustment to solid feed after weaning. A total of 24 multiparous sows and their litters were allotted to one of three treatments according to completely randomized design (CRD) at 14 d postpartum. Eight litters were fed highly digestible creep feed (Creep treatment), another eight litters were fed weaning pig diet (Weaner treatment) and the others consumed sow feed as creep feed until weaning (Sow treatment). After weaning, a total of 96 piglets were selected to evaluate their post-weaning performance, and same weaner diet was provided to every treatment. In pre-weaning performance, different creep feeds did not affect a number of eaters which consumed creep feeds, but Creep treatment group tended to perceive higher creep feed intake than Sow treatment group from 14 to 21 d (P=0.12). In addition, Creep treatment group demonstrated significantly higher average daily gain than piglets fed other treatment diets from 21 to 28 d (P<0.01). However, after weaning, Weaner treatment group represented significantly higher feed intake than other treatment groups from 0 to 14 d after weaning (P<0.05), and also showed significantly higher average daily gain than Creep treatment group (P<0.05). From 14 to 35 d post-weaning, Sow treatment group tended to note higher G:F ratio than other treatment groups (P=0.06). At 4 d after weaning, 3 male and female piglets (7.67 ± 0.72 kg) were slaughters for analyzing their intestinal morphology and microflora. Creep treatment group tended to show lower duodenal villus height (P=0.07) and the lowest V:C ratio (P=0.11) than Weaner or Sow treatment group. Higher ileal crypt depth was observed in Sow treatment group (P=0.10). In intestinal microfloras, higher Ct values of Lactobacillus plantarum in rectum in Sow treatment group was remarked than Creep treatment group (P<0.05). Similarly, Sow treatment group tended to show higher Ct values of Bacillus subtilis in colon (P=0.07), and represented the highest Ct values of Bacillus subtilis through ileum and large intestine numerically. In conclusion, highly digestible creep feed could improve pre-weaning performance, but grain based creep feed could be recommended on the purpose of adjustment to solid feed after weaning.

Experiment III. Effects of supplementation of SBM during suckling period on pre- and post-weaning hematological property and immunological parameter

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementation of soybean meal (SBM) as creep feed during suckling period on pre- and post- weaning immune response and growth performance. A total of 10 multiparous lactating sows and 80 piglets were used in this experiment. At 21 d, four male piglets and four female piglets were randomly selected from each litter, and one of male and female piglets were grouped and assigned to one of four treatment considering body weight and body weight gain from birth to 20 d. The treatments were 1) Control (Suckled maternal milk only), 2) Fed 50g of milk powder/day, 2) Fed 37.5g of milk powder and 12.5 g of soybean meal/day, 4) Fed 25g of milk powder and 25g of soybean meal/day. After weaning at 28 d, pigs were allotted to weaner facility with 4 pigs per each pen according to treatment and weaning weight. Feed and water were provided ad libitum through feeder and nipple during the whole experimental periods. In growth performance, piglets supplemented only milk powder showed the highest average daily gain, and both of piglets supplemented 12.5g and 25g/day of SBM showed numerically higher daily body weight gain than control group during suckling period. After weaning, piglets supplemented soybean meal during suckling period had higher average daily gain and G:F ratio than other treatments. However, significant differences were not observed in pre- and post-weaning performances. In haematological properties, supplementation of soybean meal during suckling period tended to increase plasma neutrophil proportion (P=0.06) and decrease lymphocyte proportion (P=0.06) at 7 d after weaning. Plasma IgA and IgG concentration was increased with age, and supplementation of soybean meal during suckling period significantly increased both of immunoglobulins at 7 d before and after weaning (P<0.05). Consequently, consumption of soybean meal during suckling period induces increase of immune response but immune response had little effects on piglet performance.
Language
English
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/119438
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