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Functional Genomics of Pepper Proteases : 고추 단백질 분해효소의 기능 유전체학

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dc.contributor.advisor최도일-
dc.contributor.author배정윤-
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-13T17:41:32Z-
dc.date.available2017-07-13T17:41:32Z-
dc.date.issued2013-08-
dc.identifier.other000000013569-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/121048-
dc.description학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 식물생산과학부 원예과학 전공, 2013. 8. 최도일.-
dc.description.abstract단백질 분해효소(protease)는 모든 생명체(인간, 효모, 초파리, 초본식물 등)에 존재하며, 지놈(genome)상에 존재하는 유전자의 1.5 - 3.4% 정도가 단백질 분해효소 유전자로 구성되어있다. 동물은 스스로 영양분을 합성하지 못하는 타가영양체이다. 그래서 외부로부터 섭취한 단백질을 아미노산으로 분해하기 위하여 단백질 분해효소를 필요로 한다. 반면에, 식물을 필요한 영양분을 합성하지 못하고 스스로 분해하는 자가영양체이다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 식물체는 수백개의 단백질 분해효소 유전자들을 가지고 있다. 단백질 분해효소는 물질대사, 생리과정, 발달과정과 병에 대한 저항성에 관여한다고 알려져 있다. 일반적으로 단백질 분해효소는 기질 특이성을 가지고 있다. 단백질 분해효소의 효소활성을 나타내는 친핵체(nucleophile)가 어떠한 것이 작용하는 것에 따라 cysteine, serine/threonine, metallo와 aspartic protease로 분류한다. 이러한 단백질 분해효소의 기능을 밝히기 위하여, 고추 지놈에 존재하는 970개의 단백질 분해효소가 분리되었다. 다른 식물과 비교 하였을 때, 여러 개의 protease gene family들의 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 다른 작물들과의 비교 분석으로 고추에서 증가된 gene family들은 특정한 기능을 가지고 있음을 나타내준다. 더욱이, 고추에서 분리된 gene family들의 생리적인 기능을 밝히기 위하여 virus-induced gene silencing의 방법을 이용하였다. 고추 단백질 분해효소를 대표할 수 있는 153개의 고추 cDNA가 선발이 되었으며, Tobacco rattle virus-ligation independent cloning vector에 넣어서 기능분석을 하였다. 표현형에 변화가 있었던 단백질 분해효소는 61개가 있었다. 그 표현형들은 줄기 생장의 저해, 비정상적인 잎 모양, 잎 색깔의 변화 또는 괴사로 나타났다. 153개의 단백질 분해효소 중에 34개가 담배와 비기주 관계에 있는 병원균을 접종하였을 때 일어나는 과민성 반응 (hypersensitive response)에 변화가 있었고, 16개가 기주 관계에 있는 병원균을 접종하였을 때 생기는 병발생의 차이가 있었다. 특이적으로, 이러한 결과들은 다양한 단백질 분해효소들이 식물 생장과 저항성 반응에 관여한다는 것을 보여주는 실험적 결과이다. 그 결과로, 박테리아 병원균에 의해 발생되는 병발생에 영향을 끼치는 oligopeptidase B (OPB)라는 단백질 분해효소가 선발이 되었다. OPB의 기능획득 및 기능상실의 실험들로 OPB가 박테리아 생장과 관계 없이 병 발생을 조절한다는 결론을 얻었다. OPB에 의해 조절되는 병 발생은 OPB가 자르는 타겟 단백질에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 추정된다. 지금까지의 결론으로 OPB는 박테리아 병원균에 의한 병 발생에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.-
dc.description.abstractProteases have essential functions in all living organism. Higher plants are autotrophic organisms that can synthesize all of their organic molecular components from inorganic nutrients without digestion of heterotrophic protein. However, hundreds of proteases are encoded by the plant genome, suggesting that these enzymes have essential roles in various plant processes including responses to developmental and environmental cues, metabolism, and immunity. To study the role of proteases, 970 genes coding for putative proteases were isolated from pepper genome. Compared with other plants, expansion of several gene families was found. Comparative analysis indicates the expanded protease family might have specialized roles. Moreover, to identify the biological roles of isolated protease gene families, virus-induced gene silencing assays was carried out. A total of 153 representative protease genes from pepper cDNA were selected and cloned into a Tobacco rattle virus-ligation independent cloning vector in a loss-of-function study. Silencing of 61 proteases resulted in altered phenotypes, such as the inhibition of shoot growth, abnormal leaf shape, leaf color change, and lethality. Among these 153 proteases, 34 modulated the hypersensitive cell death response caused by infection with an avirulent pathogen, and 16 proteases affected disease symptom development caused by a virulent pathogen. Specifically, this result provides experimental evidence for the roles of multiple protease genes in plant development and immune defense following pathogen infection. From there results, an oligopeptidase B (OPB) was identified to be regulating plant bacterial disease symptom development. The gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that OPB is regulating disease symptom without affecting bacterial growth. The disease symptom development regulated by OPB may be affected with specific-substrate of OPB. Together, these results suggest that OPB has a critical role in plant bacterial disease development.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsCONTENTS
ABSTRACT.......................................................................... i
CONTENTS.......................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES................................................................ ix
LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................. x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................... xiv

GENERAL INTRODUCTION........................................ 1

CHAPTER 1. Genome Wide Analysis of Protease Gene Family
ABSTRACT.......................................................................... 8
INTRODUCTION................................................................ 9
MATERIALS AND METHODS......................................... 12
Dataset................................................................................... 12
Phylogenetic tree............................................................. 12
OrthoMCL analysis......................................................... 12
Transcriptome sequencing and analysis......................... 13
Differential gene expression analysis between pepper
and tomato...................................................................... 13
RESULTS............................................................................ 14
Genomic analysis of the pepper protease...................... 14
Unique features of protease gene family in pepper
genome. .......................................................................... 21
Pepper-specific protease gene family and their
expression....................................................................... 24
Comparative expression analysis of some protease
gene family between pepper and tomato...................... 25
DISCUSSION....................................................................... 33
REFERENCES..................................................................... 36

CHAPTER 2. Multiple Classes of Immune-Related Proteases Associated with the Cell Death Response in Pepper Plants
ABSTRACT.......................................................................... 43
INTRODUCTION................................................................ 44
MATERIALS AND METHODS......................................... 47
Plant growth and agroinfiltration.................................... 47
Dataset............................................................................. 47
Cloning pepper EST for VIGS........................................ 47
RNA extraction and qRT-PCR analysis......................... 48
Pathogen preparation and inoculation............................ 49
Staining with trypan blue............................................... 51
Measurement of ion leakage........................................... 51
RESULTS............................................................................. 52
Isolation of putative protease genes in pepper ESTs..... 52
Phenotypic analysis of protease-silenced plants........... 53
Temporal change in hypersensitive response (HR) cell
death in protease- silenced plants................................... 63
Change of disease symptom development in protease-
silenced plant................................................................. 68
Characterization of selected protease-silenced plants
following pathogens infection........................................ 68
DISCUSSION...................................................................... 84
REFERENCES.................................................................... 89
APPENDIX......................................................................... 95

CHAPTER 3. A Critical Role of Oligopeptidase B in Controlling Disease Symptom Development in Plants
ABSTRACT.......................................................................... 119
INTRODUCTION................................................................ 120
MATERIALS AND METHODS......................................... 123
Plant material and treatments.......................................... 123
Pathogen inoculation procedures.................................... 123
Isolation of CaOPB and NbOPB..................................... 123
RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR..................... 124
Virus-induced gene silencing assay in pepper and
N. benthamiana............................................................. 124
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of
N. benthamiana.............................................................. 125
Staining with trypan blue................................................ 125
2D dimensional gel electrophoresis............................. 125
Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree...................... 127
Western blot analysis...................................................... 127
RESULTS............................................................................ 128
Characterization of OPB in pepper and N. benthamiana 128
Expression of NbOPB in tissue-specific and during
plant-pathogen interactions........................................... 131
Silencing of OPB delays disease symptom without
affecting bacterial cell growth....................................... 134
Overexpression of CaOPB accelerates pathogen-
induced disease symptom development........................ 142
Silencing of NbOPB suppresses disease symptom
without affecting defense signaling molecules............ 143
Putative targets of OPB.................................................. 147
DISCUSSION..................................................................... 150
REFERENCES................................................................... 153

ABSTRACT IN KOREAN.................................................. 157
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dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent5029148 bytes-
dc.format.mediumapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectProtease-
dc.subjectPepper-
dc.subjectFunctional genomics-
dc.subject.ddc635-
dc.titleFunctional Genomics of Pepper Proteases-
dc.title.alternative고추 단백질 분해효소의 기능 유전체학-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorCHUNGYUN BAE-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.citation.pagesxv, 158-
dc.contributor.affiliation농업생명과학대학 식물생산과학부(원예과학전공)-
dc.date.awarded2013-08-
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