Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol S in humans after single oral administration

Abstract

Bisphenol S (BPS) has been introduced as a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), and widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and thermal papers. In spite of its adverse health outcomes and widespread exposure, pharmacokinetic data for BPS are not available for either animals or humans. The objective of the study is to describe pharmacokinetic characteristics of BPS in human body after a single oral administration with a compartmental pharmacokinetic model. Seven healthy young adults were orally exposed to 8.75 µg/kg bw of deuterated BPS (d4-BPS), and serum and urine samples were collected for 48 hours. The concentrations of total and unconjd d4-BPS in samples were measured using HPLC-MS/MS. Based on the time-concentration profiles in serum and urine, non-compartmental analysis was performed, and two-compartment model was constructed and validated. As a result of non-compartmental analysis, total d4-BPS was rapidly absorbed within one hour (0.7 ± 0.3 h) after oral administration, and excreted in urine with terminal half-life of less than 7 h (6.8 ± 0.7 h). Fractional urinary excretion (Fue) of total d4-BPS for 48 hours was 92 ± 17 % (67~104 %) for men and 70 ± 36 % (59~77 %) for women. The two-compartment model well described pharmacokinetic properties of BPS, and its parameter estimates were consistent with those from non-compartmental analysis. Comparing with pharmacokinetic data for BPA from other studies, BPS is retained in human body longer than BPA, although both are mostly excreted from the human body within 24 hours. This study provides information on absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of BPS in human body, and the pharmacokinetic model can be utilized for estimating exposure dose of BPS, contributing to more realistic exposure assessment.