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Isolation and validation of Lactobacillus plantarum for probiotic characteristics and alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) production : alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) 생성 및 프로바이오틱스 특성을 가진 Lactobacillus plantarum 균주의 분리와 평가

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dc.contributor.advisor박병철-
dc.contributor.author서은솔-
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-07T03:59:12Z-
dc.date.available2020-05-07T03:59:12Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.other000000160003-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000160003ko_KR
dc.description학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :국제농업기술대학원 국제농업기술학과,2020. 2. 박병철.-
dc.description.abstractThe loss of muscle mass and strength is a major public health problem in an aging society. So far the solution is not clear. In previous studies, alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) was considered to increase muscle protein synthesis. HICA is one of the sub metabolites of leucine, a member of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and requires the reduction reaction of hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase (HicDH). Fermented foods, such as kimchi and jeotgal, are rich in HICA. The purpose of this study is to isolate HICA-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and to investigate their probiotic characteristics and functionality. It also aims to demonstrate muscle synthesis due to activity by stimulating the mTOR pathway among the functions of HICA, a metabolite of isolated strains. In this study, 238 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 28 traditional fermented foods, using selective and differential media, including the existing LAB. 7 strains were screened and selected because they had both the HicDH gene and Lactobacillus plantarum selective gene (LPSG), which are required for conversion of leucine to HICA and identify Lactobacillus plantarum, respectively. The highest HICA production was found in Lactobacillus plantarum D2-1 when comparing HICA production in the supernatants of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v including 7 strains. And it was confirmed that the culture medium, de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS), had little effect on the HICA production of the strain. Finally, selected D2-1 confirmed basic probiotic properties such as intestinal viability, safety assessment and antibiotics susceptibility, which means that there is no health problem when taken. Culture temperature, incubation time, pH, osmotic stress and culture medium components in the strain affect the production of HICA, therefore optimal conditions were profiled. When the strain was orally administered to the mouse for 1 month to confirm the effect of the strain, the gut microbiota was adjusted to beneficial bacteria and stabilized. The LAB administered group tended to be higher in the exercise experiments than the control group and had higher hind limb muscle mass to body weight. In biochemical analysis of serum after exercise, the group of strain administration showed an improvement in energy metabolism, inflammation and fatigue index. To confirm that HICA stimulated the mTOR pathway to induce muscle differentiation, the effects on related genes were evaluated by treating mouse muscle cell line C2C12. HICA identified a tendency to increase the mTOR pathway, myogenesis regulatory factor, and muscle-specific genes expression levels. In conclusion, HICA can be expected to have functional aspects of sarcopenia preservation and treatment.-
dc.description.abstract고령화 사회에서 노화에 따른 근육 질량과 힘의 상실은 주요 건강 문제이다. 아직까지는 해결방법에 대해서는 명확히 밝혀지지는 않았다. 이전 연구에 따르면, alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA)는 근육 단백질 합성을 증가시킨다고 간주되고 있다. HICA은 Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) 중 하나인 leucine의 대사 산물이며, hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase (HicDH)의 환원 반응을 필수로 한다. 유산균 (LAB)의 단백질 발효에 의한 김치나 젓갈 같은 발효식품에는 HICA의 함량이 풍부하다. 본 연구에서는 HICA 생산 유산균을 분리하여 프로바이오틱스 특성과 기능을 규명하고자 한다. 또한 분리된 균주의 대사산물인 HICA의 기능 중 mTOR pathway를 자극하여, 활성됨으로 인한 근육 단백질 합성을 입증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 실험실에서 보유하고 있는 유산균을 포함하여, 선택 및 분별 배지를 이용하여 28개의 전통 발효 식품에서 238개의 유산균을 분리하였다. 7개 유산균만이 leucine을 HICA로 전환하기 위해 필요로 하는 HicDH gene과 Lactobacillus plantarum임을 확인하기 위한 LPSG을 동시에 가지고 있어 선별 및 선발하였다. 7개의 균주를 포함하여 reference strain인 Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1과 Lactobacillus plantarum 299v의 상층액에서 HICA 생성량을 비교하였을 때, Lactobacillus plantarum D2-1의 HICA 생성량이 가장 많았음을 알 수 있고, 배양액인 MRS에서는 HICA 함량이 거의 없는 것으로 보아 균주의 HICA 생성에는 영향을 끼치지 않음을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 선발된 D2-1은 장내 생존력, 안정성, 안전성과 같은 기본적인 프로바이오틱스 특성을 확인하였고, 이는 구강으로 섭취하였을 때, 건강에 이상이 없음을 의미한다. 균주에서 배양온도, 배양시간, pH, 삼투압 및 배양 배지 성분이 HICA 생산에 영향을 주며, 최적 조건을 프로파일링 하였다. 동물실험을 통해 균주를 한 달 동안 경구 투여하였을 때, 균주의 효과를 확인한 결과 균주를 투여한 그룹은 장내 미생물총은 유익균으로 조정되었고, 안정화되었다. 균주 투여 그룹은 control 그룹에 비해 운동성 실험에서 높은 경향성을 보였고, 몸무게 대비 뒷다리 근육량이 증가하였다. 또한 운동 후 혈청에서의 생화학 분석에서 균주 투여 그룹은 에너지 대사, 염증, 피곤 지표에서 개선되는 결과를 보였다. HICA가 mTOR pathway를 자극시켜 근육분화를 유도되었음을 확인하기 위해 쥐 근육세포주 인 C2C12에 처리하여 관련 유전자들에 미치는 영향을 평가해 본 결과, mTOR pathway와 myogenesis regulator factor 와 muscle specific genes를 증가시키는 경향성을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, HICA는 근육 감소증에 있어 보존 및 치료의 기능적 측면을 가질 것으로 예상될 수 있다.-
dc.description.tableofcontents1. Introduction 1
2. Review of Literature 3
2.1. Skeletal muscle 3
2.1.1. Skeletal muscle 3
2.1.2. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis pathway 5
2.1.3. Skeletal muscle protein degradation pathway 8
2.1.3.1. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway 9
2.1.3.2. The autophagy-lysosomal pathway 11
2.2. Sarcopenia 12
2.2.1. Sarcopnia 12
2.2.2. Sarcopenia and causes 14
2.2.2.1. Activity-related 15
2.2.2.2. Nutrition-related 17
2.2.2.3. Hormonal change and disease-related 19
2.3. Amino acid (AAs) 23
2.3.1. Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) 23
2.3.2. Leucine 26
2.3.3. α-Hydroxy isocaproic acid (HICA) 30
2.4. Probiotics 33
2.4.1. Probiotics 33
2.4.2. Gut and muscle 34
3. Materials and methods 39
3.1. Screening of putative probiotics HicDH gene for HICA production 39
3.1.1. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from fermented food 39
3.1.2. Screening of Lactobacillus plantarum with HicDH gene by Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 40
3.1.3. 16S rRNA sequencing 42
3.1.4. Measurement of HICA production of LAB derived from fermented foods by LC-QTof-MS/MS 43
3.1.5. Resistance to acid and bile salts 45
3.1.6. Safety assessment 46
3.1.7. Carbohydrate fermentative pattern and enzymatic profiling 48
3.2. Comparison of the L.plantarum D2-1 and WCFS 49
3.2.1. Characteristics of D2-1 and WCFS1 49
3.2.2. Optimal condition profiles of HICA production 50
3.2.3. Influences on the gut microbiota 51
3.3. Validation of selected strains in in vivo mouse mode 53
3.3.1. Experimental design 53
3.3.2. Preparation of probiotics 54
3.3.3. Performance test 54
3.3.4. Sampling of fecal, blood and hind limb muscle 56
3.3.5. Biochemical analysis of serum 57
3.4. Validation of selected strains in C2C12 cell line 58
3.4.1. Cell culture 58
3.4.2. Quantification of mRNA expression using Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) 59
4. Results 61
4.1. Screening of putative probiotics HicDH gene for HICA production 61
4.1.1. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from fermented food 61
4.1.2. Screening of Lactobacillus plantarum with HicDH gene by Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 63
4.1.3. Measurement of HICA production of LAB derived from fermented foods by LC-QTof-MS/MS 64
4.1.4. Characterization of LAB with probiotic properties 65
4.1.5. Carboydrate fermentative pattern and enzymatic profiling 68
4.2. Comparison of the L.plantarum D2-1 and WCFS1 70
4.2.1. Characteristics of D2-1 and WCFS1 70
4.2.2. Optimal condition profiles of HICA production 72
4.2.3. Influences on the gut microbiota 77
4.3. Validation of selected strains in in vivo mouse model 92
4.3.1. Performance test 92
4.3.2. Mesurement of hind limb muscle mass against weight 94
4.3.3. Analysis biochemical serum 95
4.4. Validation of selected strains in C2C12 cell line 97
4.4.1. mTOR pathway and myogenesis related gene expression levels in C2C12 differentiation 97
5. Discussion 103
References 111
Abstract in Korean 136
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dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc631-
dc.titleIsolation and validation of Lactobacillus plantarum for probiotic characteristics and alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) production-
dc.title.alternativealpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) 생성 및 프로바이오틱스 특성을 가진 Lactobacillus plantarum 균주의 분리와 평가-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorEunsol Seo-
dc.contributor.department국제농업기술대학원 국제농업기술학과-
dc.description.degreeMaster-
dc.date.awarded2020-02-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000160003-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000042▲000000000044▲000000160003▲-
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