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음양곽의 화학 성분과 PCSK9 발현 억제 활성 : Chemical constituents of Epimedium koreanum and their inhibitory activity against PCSK9 expression

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Authors

김이레

Advisor
김진웅
Issue Date
2021
Publisher
서울대학교 대학원
Keywords
음양곽BerberidaceaeEpimedium korenumPCSK9 발현 억제플라보노이드고지혈증Herba EpimediiEpimedium koreanumprenylated flavonoidPCSK9LDLRcholesterol
Description
학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 약학대학 약학과, 2021.8. 김진웅.
Abstract
Epimedium (Berberidaceae) is a genus of about 52 species of herbaceous planats and mainly distributed in East, South, Central Asia and Europe. The dried aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai, Herba Epimedii, have been used as a tonic or for the treatment of dementia, hypertension, impotence, rheumatic and paralytic diseases. Previous phytochemical studies reported that lignans, phenol glycosides, and prenylated flavonoids are present as chemical constituents of this plant. Individual constituents including icariin and extracts of E. koreanum demonstrated a variety of biological activities such as anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor and immunoadjuvant activities as well as improvement of sexual function.
Proprotein convertase subtisilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in degrading LDLR via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and preventing LDLR recycling, and resultantly decreasing the capacity of LDL uptake into cells. Thus, high expression of PCSK9 is often associated with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and inhibition of PCSK9 expression or activity has been suggested as a tool to treat patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Currently, two antibody drugs are prescribed clinically since 2015.
As part of our ongoing project to discover PCSK9 expression inhibitory compounds from medicinal plants, n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the aerial parts of E. koreanum was selected for further investigation due to its initial PCSK9 mRNA expression inhibitory activity. Four new acylated flavonoids (1-4) and 18 known compounds (5-22) were isolated from n-BuOH soluble fraction of E. koreanum. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS, and chemical method. All isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities against PCSK9 mRNA expression in the HepG2 cells. Of the isolates, compounds 6, 7 and 16 were found to inhibit PCSK9 mRNA expression. In addition, compound 7 showed to increase LDLR mRNA expression. Thus, this compound 7 may merit potential to increase LDL uptake and lower cholesterol level in blood.
Epimedium은 Berberidaceae과에 속하는 식물로 주로 동, 남, 중앙아시아와 유럽 등지에 분포한다. 음양곽의 지상부는 오랫동안 강장제로 사용되었으며 치매, 고혈압, 발기부전, 류마티스성과 마비성 질환에 사용되었다. 이전의 연구 결과로부터 리그난, 페놀 배당체, 프레닐 플라보노이드 등의 활성 성분이 존재함이 알려져 있다. 이러한 활성 성분들은 간세포 보호, 항염증, 항골다공증, 항종양 활성과 면역 보강 활성을 가진 것으로 알려졌다.
Proprotein convertase subtisilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)은 clathrin-dependent endocytosis를 통해 LDLR을 분해하고 LDLR의 재활용을 방해하여 결과적으로 LDL의 세포 내 흡수를 저해시키는데 관여한다. 따라서 PCSK9의 발현의 증가는 고지혈증의 발생과 연관이 있으며 PCSK9의 발현 혹은 활성 차단은 고지혈증 환자의 치료에 사용될 수 있다. 2015년 이후로 두가지의 항체치료제가 임상적으로 처방되고 있다.
약용 식물에서 PCSK9 발현 억제 화합물을 발견하기 위한 연구의 일환으로, E. koreanum 지상부의 n-BuOH 분획이 PCSK9 mRNA 발현을 억제함을 확인하였다. 그러나 이 식물로부터 PCSK9 억제 물질에 대한 보고가 없었으므로 식물화학적 연구를 진행하였고, 이들의 PCSK9 억제 활성을 확인하였다.
음양곽 지상부를 메탄올로 초음파 추출하여 극성에 따라 n-헥산, 클로로포름, n-부탄올 분획으로 나누었다. 이 중 PCSK9 mRNA 억제 활성을 보인 n-부탄올 분획을 대상으로 여러 크로마토그래피법을 사용하여 분리를 실시, 22종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 분리된 22종의 화합물을 각종 분광학적 방법을 통해 구조를 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (1), 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[2-O-2-((4-methoxy-4-oxobutan-2-yl)oxy) acetic acid-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (2), 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[2-O-2-((4-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid methyl ester-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[2-O-2-((4-methoxy-4-oxobutan-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid butyl ester-α-L-rhamno-pyranoside]-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), koreanoside E (5), icariside I (6), ikarisoside A (7), icariside II (8), epimedoside A (9), icariin (10), epimedin A (11), korepimedoside C (12), epimedin B (13), epimedin C (14), anhydroicaritin 3-O-β-D-fuco-pyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (15), icarisid I (16), korepimedoside A (17), epimedokoreanoside I (18), korepimeoside C (19), epimedin L (20), caohuoside B (21), epimedoicarisoside A (22) 로 동정하였으며, 이 중 화합물 1~4는 천연에서 처음 분리, 보고되는 물질이다.
분리한 22종의 화합물에 대하여 HepG2 세포에서 PCSK9 mRNA 발현 억제 활성과 LDLR mRNA 발현 증식 효과를 평가한 결과 화합물 7 (ikarisoside A)이 PCSK9 mRNA 발현을 억제함과 동시에 LDLR mRNA의 발현을 유의미하게 증식시킴이 확인되었다.
Language
kor
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/178220

https://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000167747
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