Fat Graft with Allograft Adipose Matrix and Magnesium Hydroxide-Incorporated PLGA Microspheres for Effective Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Abstract

Autologous fat grafting is one of the most common procedures used in plastic surgery to correct soft tissue deficiency or depression deformity. However, its clinical outcomes are often suboptimal, and lack of metabolic and architectural support at recipient sites affects fat graft survival leading to complications such as cyst formation and calcification. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds, such as allograft adipose matrix (AAM) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have shown exceptional clinical promise as regenerative scaffolds. AAM is composed of the extracellular matrices of adipose tissue through decellularization. Additionally, PLGA is one of the most commonly used biopolymers owing to its biodegradability for tissue regenerations. Magnesium hydroxide (MH), an alkaline ceramic, has attracted attention as a potential additive to improve biocompatibility. Magnesium hydroxide (MH) could neutralize the acidic microenvironment induced by the acidic decomposed products of PLGA, thereby suppressing undesirable inflammatory reactions. We attempted to combine fat graft with injectable regenerative scaffolds: natural (AAM) and synthetic (PLGA/MH microspheres). We investigated the volume changes and viability of injected fat graft in relation to the effects of biomaterials. In this study, a comparison of the volume retention effect and angiogenic ability in vivo between autologous fat grafting, injectable natural (AAM), and synthetic (PLGA/MH microsphere) biomaterials will provide a reasonable basis for fat grafting. And by using PLGA/MH microsphere, we could overcome the disadvantages of conventional PLGA scaffolds and effectively improve fat retention rate with complex biological functions.