Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopic Analysis of an Extraorally Installed Implant in a Silicone Facial Prosthesis Patient

Abstract

Titanium implants are considered to be highly biocompatible relative to other metals, and the use of this metal is increasing more and more. However, studies on its possible toxic effects are rare. A patient who had a large midface defect was treated with an implant-supported magnet-retained silicone prosthesis; however, the extraoral implant failed. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to analyze the surface characteristics and the chemical compositions of the failed implant fixture and attached bone tissue. The contamination of the implant and bone tissue with aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and mercury (Hg) potentially had an influence on the integration of bone tissue and the health of peri-implant tissue. The exposure of the facial prosthesis and its implant to the external environment may have caused the contamination. Careful clinical examination during the follow-up period and adequate hygiene is essential for the longterm success of implant-supported prostheses.