Maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for healthy Korean adults by measuring the maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip, and cheek, and to examine correlations between these measurements. Materials and Methods: This study included 120 subjects that were divided into three groups according to age: young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (over 60 years); and by gender. Measurements were taken using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: The mean maximal tongue strengths were as follows: young men (46.7 +/- 10.2 kPa) and women (32.1 +/- 7.9 kPa), middle-aged men (40.9 +/- 9.3 kPa) and women (36.9 +/- 8.6 kPa), and older men (35.2 +/- 9.0 kPa) and women (34.5 +/- 6.9 kPa). The mean tongue endurance scores were: young men (28.8 +/- 12.6 seconds) and women (20.8 +/- 13.5 seconds), middle-aged men (17.0 +/- 8.5 seconds) and women (15.3 +/- 5.2 seconds), and older men (15.8 +/- 6.7 seconds) and women (17.9 +/- 8.1 seconds). The mean maximal lip strengths were: young men (11.6 +/- 3.0 kPa) and women (11.4 +/- 3.8 kPa), middle-aged men (11.4 +/- 4.2 kPa) and women (11.1 +/- 5.1 kPa), and older men (14.5 +/- 3.9 kPa) and women (11.7 +/- 2.6 kPa). The mean lip endurance scores were: young men (41.1 +/- 23.9 seconds) and women (22.4 +/- 21.7 seconds), middle-aged men (24.3 +/- 10.3 seconds) and women (30.5 +/- 13.4 seconds), and older men (24.9 +/- 11.0 seconds) and women (12.8 +/- 7.6 seconds). The mean maximal cheek strengths were: young men (24.5 +/- 4.6 kPa) and women (20.5 +/- 4.3 kPa), middle-aged men (25.2 +/- 6.4 kPa) and women (21.2 +/- 5.5 kPa), and older men (22.4 +/- 5.3 kPa) and women (18.0 +/- 4.8 kPa). The mean cheek endurance scores were: young men (47.8 +/- 24.4 seconds) and women (43.9 +/- 25.0 seconds), middle-aged men (27.3 +/- 11.3 seconds) and women (20.0 +/- 14.6 seconds), and older men (21.7 +/- 14.5 seconds) and women (17.2 +/- 11.4 seconds). Conclusion: The data collected in this study will provide an important database of standardized measurements for maximal strength and endurance scores of the tongue, lip and cheek in healthy, normal Koreans.