Determinants of Dementia-Preventive Behaviors: A Scoping Review Based on the PRECEDE Model

Abstract

As dementia is becoming a great challenge worldwide, modifying its risk factors is a primary preventive approach. However, there is a scarcity of integrated efforts to determine dementia-specific factors that influence preventive behaviors, particularly when considering a theoretical framework. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to map the evidence on factors affecting dementia-preventive behaviors based on the PRECEDE framework. Five electronic databases-PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL-were searched for articles published until May 2022, and only peer-reviewed studies were included to gather robust evidence. During the initial search, 37,331 articles were retrieved. Of these, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the evidence synthesis. The scoping review identified 28 specific determinants within the six conceptual categories of the PRECEDE framework, thereby highlighting the multi-dimensional nature of factors influencing dementia-preventive behaviors. Future studies should consider multilevel and multi-dimensional personalized strategies to promote dementia-preventive behavior. Our study focused on understanding the factors that influence dementia-preventive behaviors. We aimed to identify these factors using a theoretical framework called PRECEDE, which could guide future preventive strategies. To gather reliable evidence, we conducted a scoping review by searching five electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles published until May 2022. After a thorough search, we analyzed 22 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Through our review, we identified twenty-eight specific factors within six conceptual categories of the PRECEDE framework that affect dementia-preventive behaviors. This finding emphasizes the complex and multi-dimensional nature of these factors and their impact on dementia preventive efforts. Our study's findings have important implications for promoting dementia prevention. To be effective, future preventive strategies should consider personalized approaches that target multiple levels and dimensions, addressing the diverse factors influencing individuals' behaviors. We acknowledge some limitations in our study. We focused on individual-level factors and did not explore administrative and policy aspects that could also influence dementia prevention. Additionally, the majority of the included studies were conducted in Asian countries, potentially limiting the generalizability of our findings to other cultural contexts. Further research should consider these aspects for a more comprehensive understanding of dementia prevention. In conclusion, our study contributes valuable insights to dementia prevention efforts. By addressing the identified factors, healthcare professionals and policymakers can design more effective interventions to protect cognitive health and enhance the overall well-being of individuals at risk of dementia.