영화비평과 영상미학-영화비평의 문제를 중심으로

Abstract

Born almost at the same time as the cinema itself, the discourse on the cinema has been developed, according to its interested object and its purpose, in two different directions: the film criticism is interested in concrete film, while the aesthetics of the cinema, of which the interest lies in the total vision of the cinema, constitutes the other direction. If the film critics such as André Bazin, Youssef Ishaghpour, Barthélemy Amengual, Serge Daney etc, devote themselves to clarify the senses subtlely embodied in film, the theoretical works of Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, Siegfried Kracauer, Jean Mitry, Christian Metz, Giles Deleuze etc, aim to clarify the nature of the cinema itself. These two discourses on the cinema dont have very favorable relation with each other, but they dont work without each other. The film criticism, which works in Europe as fields of competition of the big intellectuals for a long time, provides the aesthetics of the cinema with the list of films qualified to be examined and basic concepts to reflect on the nature of the cinema, such as frame, off-screen, montage, mise en scène etc., while the aesthetics of the cinema opens sometimes an unexpected perspective, born with the potency of abstract thought and reasoning. However, there is in France since the seventeenth century a big tradition of art criticism, constructed by Diderot, Baudelaire, Valéry, etc., which does not separate the criticism of a concrete art work from the total perspective of art. The film critics such as André Bazin and Serge Daney, who knew how to unify these two different visions, succeed as critic this tradition, which allows them to open a new horizon of the cinema by examining concrete films. Thus we can say that certain film criticism implicates the total vision of the cinema. But the application of "meta discourse" such as psychoanalysis, Marxism, semiotics, etc., to concrete films harms especially the film criticism, the vocation of which consists above all in explaining, analyzing, and interpreting a work with its own logic.