이슬람 경제의 시각에서 본 말레이시아 경제위기의 원인과 대안적 해결방안

Abstract

This paper focuses on Islamic responses to the recent economic crisis in Malaysia. The paper consists of three parts. First, it seeks the Islamic explanations for the causes of the economic crisis in Malaysia. I approach this issue by analytically dividing the explanations into Islamic ummah(community) specific discourse and Islamic universal discourse. Islamic discourse means a frame of explantions and interpretations, which are based, explicitly or tacitly, on Islamic sacred books such as Quran and Hadith. Islamic ummah-specific discourse is a kind of explanations, which seems to apply exclusively to Muslim community, while Islamic discourse contains ideas of a broader application beyond Muslim community.

Second, it looks at Islamic economic principles and ethics which are expressed in the literature of Islamic economics. The main concern here lies in seeking the possibility of Islamic economy as an alternative economic system to the dominant capitalist economy. To understand how Islamic ideals can be applied in real situation, the practice of Malaysian Islamic bank and the economic policy of PAS, an Islamic party in Malaysia, is examined.

Third, it explains the impact of the economic crisis on the Islamization process in Malaysia, focusing on the result of 1999 general election. It notes the phenomena that PAS members are increasingly recruited from urban middle-class Malays and PAS ideology becomes to emphasize the universal values of Islam.