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Electrochemical Activation of Expanded Graphite Electrode for Electrochemical Capacitor

Cited 53 time in Web of Science Cited 55 time in Scopus
Authors

Ka, Bok H.; Oh, Seung M.

Issue Date
2008
Publisher
Electrochemical Society
Citation
J. Electrochem. Soc., 155, A685 (2008)
Abstract
An expanded graphite (e-MCMB, mesocarbon microbeads) having a wider interlayer spacing (d002 = 0.404 nm) than that of
common graphites is prepared by heat-treatment of an oxidized MCMB. When the e-MCMB electrode, which gives a negligible
capacitance due to a small surface area, is polarized over a certain onset potential [4.6–4.8 V (vs Li/Li+) for positive and 1.3–1.0
V for negative direction], it is electrochemically activated to be a high-capacitance positive and negative electrode for electrochemical
capacitor. The activation process involves an ion intercalation into the interlayer space to generate ion-accessible sites.
The intercalation is evidenced by the presence of a voltage plateau in the charge–discharge profiles, and by the widening of the
interlayer distance (by in situ X-ray diffraction study) and concomitant electrode swelling (by electrochemical dilatometr) that
occur at the same potential region. The electrochemically activated e-MCMB particles carry slitlike pores of ca. 0.45 nm in the
mean interlayer distance, into which ions very likely enter either bare or with partial solvent shells with a mixed adsorption/
intercalation charge storage behavior. A full cell fabricated with two e-MCMB electrodes delivers a volume specific capacitance
of 30–24 F mL−1 within 100 cycles for a dry electrode pair at a working voltage of 3.7 V.
ISSN
0013-4651
Language
English
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/5921
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2953525
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