미·소 군정기(1945~1948) 서울과 평양의 극장연구

Abstract

This study analyzed the comparison of the problems to deal with JeokSan Theater(return properties) which was at the center of heated debate in relation to the theater policies in South and North Koreas at the time of the military government through the theater where was the space of the formation of policies, industries and cultures, the films which were projected in theaters in Seoul and Pyeongyang, and the projecting method, and the implication. During U.S. military government period, the theaters in Seoul amounted to 18 theaters by increasing gradually from 16 theaters. Here, the theaters were the spaces where plays, musical dramas, entertainments along with films were shown, and the screening rates of foreign films were high. U.S. movies in also foreign films occupied the theaters by being distributed almost exclusively through Central Film Distributor which U.S. military government established. U.S. movies of action, melo, comedies, which were selected as the movies suitable for the occupying nation, played a prominent part in organizing its own countrys image - the strong and beautiful U.S. - which U.S. wanted to spread to foreign countries. During Soviet military government, the theaters in Pyeongyang increased gradually after starting with 6 theaters. Though plays, musical dramas, operas were shown simultaneously in the theaters as well as in South Korea, the concept of a movie theater and a performance hall began to be separated gradually. when the movie supply from South Korea was blocked because of the 38th parallel, Soviet movies occupied most theaters in Pyeongyang. Soviet movies showed the results of socialist modernization such as Soviet change after socialism, kolkhoz, cooperative labor, industrialization. Under the influence of U.S. military government and U.S. culture, South Korea got more deeply in competition and capitalization, and got used gradually to U.S. culture every day through U.S. movies. In contrast to the theaters in South Korea placed on the market principle of capitalism, the theaters in North Korea gave commercial activities a wide berth according as they were nationalized and focused on the role of the culture under socialism which Soviet required. The images of U.S. and Soviet which the movies showed became a barometer for people in Korea to image the modern national culture.