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The influence of thiourea on copper electrodeposition: adsorbate identification and effect on electrochemical nucleation

Cited 55 time in Web of Science Cited 56 time in Scopus
Authors

Kang, Moo Seong; Kim, Soo-Kil; Kim, Keeho; Kim, Jae Jeong

Issue Date
2008-04-30
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Thin Solid Films 516 (2008) 3761–3766
Keywords
CopperElectrodepositionThioureaBrightenerCopper sulfideNucleation
Abstract
The effect of thiourea on copper deposition onto a copper seed layer from an electrolyte composed of CuSO4, H2SO4, deionized water, and
thiourea was investigated. Even in the presence of very low concentrations of thiourea, extremely smooth and bright copper deposits were
obtained. From the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and electrochemical analyses, thiourea was found to
react with copper or copper ions leading to the generation of CuS. CuS adsorption onto the copper seed layer seemed to inhibit the initial
nucleation of the copper adions, resulting in the formation of smaller Cu grains compared to those forming in the absence of thiourea. CuS was
observed to cover all active sites of the 1 cm2 copper seed layer above 0.017 g/L thiourea. The surface roughness as well as the mean grain size of
the deposits also approached minimum values above this thiourea concentration. Adsorbed CuS was incorporated into the deposits during
electroplating, which was believed to be the major factor for the increased resistivity of the deposits.
ISSN
0040-6090
Language
English
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/68303
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.069
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