洞察와 堂굿 : 京畿道 楊州郡의 事例를 중심으로

Abstract

The Korean Village Festivals could be classified into two types: Confucian and Sham anistic ones. The ceremonies in the first type named Dongje are conducted very quietly in most cases without, music and dance by male ritualists elected by the villagers at midnight in shrines. The ceremonies in the second type named Tangkut are performed by female shamans with music and dance. Besides the above regular ones, there has been an orgiastic grand village festival, named Pyolsin-kut, which has been performed every third, fifth, seventh or tenth year. The Korean village festivals have their aims at petitioning for a good harvest, a good catch of fishes, freedom from diseases, having many sons and many domestic animals or even for security and unification of the nation etc. They also have a social function in integrating the members of a village. This study is based on the ethnographic data participant observed from a confucian type and shamanistic type of village festivals at Yuyang-ri, Junae-myŏn, Yangju-gun, Kyŏnggi-do do on 25th september, 1977 and on 19th April, 1978. And a village festival performed by shamans at Daeji-dong, Kanab-ri , Kwangjŏk-myŏn, Yangju-gun, Kyŏnggi-do on 26th 27th November, 1976. In most cases, the festivals have farmers' band music, folk songs, shamanistic music and dance therefore have provided for opportunities in the development of the folk arts. But the modernization of the Korean rural societies has made changes in the functions and forms of the festivals. The village festivals in todays Korea are remained as simply religious ceremonies, which are participated mostly by olders because the youngers think that such ceremonies are superstitious. Those folk arts are now separated from the: religious ceremony and are developing into arts for their own sake.