仁祖 전반기의 舊闕(昌慶宮)의 중건과 궁궐 경영 - 『承政院日記』 인조 임어 기사의 분석 -

Abstract

조선초기에 세워진 궁궐인 景福宮과 昌德宮, 昌慶宮 등은 임진왜란으로 일본군이 도성에 진주하면서 모두 소실되었다. 선조-광해군대에 都城을 복구하면서 파괴된 궁궐들의 중건도 모색되었다. 경복궁은 중건하지 않았으나 선조 말부터 창덕궁과 창경궁 등 舊關이 중건되었다. 이와 함께 새로운 궁궐들이 영건되면서 조선전기와는 다른 궁궐 운영체계가 수립되었다.

선조는 도성으로 환어한 후 貞洞에 行宮을 마련하여 머물렀는데, 이 행궁은 점차 경역을 확대하고 시설을 갖추면서 離宮으로 전환되었다. 광해군은 이러한 위상 변화에 맞추어 궁호를 慶運宮으로 정하였다. 이어 광해군은 도성의 서북쪽에 새로이 仁慶宮과 慶德宮등 新關을 영건하였다.

그런데 광해군 후반 경운궁에 仁樓王尼를 유폐하고 大妃의 위호를 박탈하는 한편, 경운궁의 分司를 철거하여 격을 낮추었다. 그 결과 인조반정 당시 도성에는 중건된 창덕궁·창경궁 등 舊關과 인정궁·경덕궁 등 새로 영건된 新關이 도성에 배치되어 운영되는 구조를 형성하였다.

이러한 광해군의 궁궐 운영 체계는 인조대에 들어서면서 전면적인 변화를 겪게되었다. 반정 과정에서 화재로 창덕궁이 소실되었고, 경운궁은 철거되어 本主에게 환원되어 사라졌다. 그리고 곧이어 발생한 李造의 난으로 창경궁마저 소실되었다.

明·淸의 고체라는 국제정세 변동과 전쟁이 가시화되는 상황에서 새로이 궁궐 영건에 나설 수 없었던 언조는 부득이 광해군이 영건한 경덕궁에 머물려야 했다.

In this article, the palace management that continued in the early half of King Injo"s reign(from his enthronement, and through the 14th year of his reign), and the renovation of the "Old Palace[舊闕]" (Chang"gyeong-gung/昌慶?) which was the result of such efforts, are examined. At the time of Injos enthronement, there were two types of palaces being used inside the capital: the "Old Palaces" like Changdeok-gung/昌德? and Chang"gyeong-gung, which had already been renovated during King Gwanghae-guns reign, and "New Palaces" such as Gyeong"un-gung/慶運? or In"gyeong-gung/仁慶? & Gyeong"deok-gung/慶德?, which were only recently erected. Yet this situation considerably changed, coming Into Injo"s reign.

In the process of kicking Gwang"hae-gun/光海君 out of the throne, a fire broke out and incinerated the Chang"deok-gung palace. The Gyeong"un-gung palace was dismantled and returned to its original owner as well. Also, the ensuing insurrection of general Yi turned the Chang"gyeong-gung palace into ashes. This caused some trouble for the new government. The new regime, headed by King Injo, defined all the palace managements during the reign of Gwanghae-gun as "bad governing(弊政)," yet soon found itself in a dilemma which forced them to use all those palaces that they just labelled as examples of bad governing.

Then, at the 10th year of Injo"s reign, the Injo government"s usage of palaces took a new and abrupt turn. After Queen Inmok Wang"hu/仁穆王后 died, a conspiracy of treason (and also an attempt to execrate the king himself) was revealed, and for safety issues Injo left the Gyeong"deok-gung palace. This was an intentional move on the kings part, to minimize the political ramifications of the conspiracy, by leaving the place that was directly involved with the issue itself, for good.

Injo, who decided to stay temporarily at the remaining Chang"deok-gung palace for the moment, dismantled the In"gyeong-gung palace next year and renovated the Chang"gyeong-gung palace. After the renovation was complete, he moved over to Chang gyeong-gung, and until he was forced to leave the palace again due to the war with the Manchurian Qing("Hu"geum") forces, the Chang"gyeong-gung palace continued to serve as the king"s main residence. It was Injo"s intention to recreate the condition of the time of his Initial enthronement, in which he began to live primarily at Chang"gyeong-gung right after he ascended to the throne.

Seungjeong-weon Ilgi(承政院日記);King Gwang"hae-gun(光海君);King Injo(仁祖);Queen Inmok