Effects of calcium phosphate endodontic sealers on the behavior of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and MG63 osteoblast-like cells

Abstract

In regard to biological properties of endodontic sealers, there are many characteristics that should be considered. The aim of this study was to examine the biological effects of new calcium phosphate-based root canal sealers, CAPSEAL I and CAPSEAL II (CPS), on human periodontal fibroblast cells by examining the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and to compare the effects of CPS on the viability and osteogenic potential of human osteoblast MG63 cells compared to those of other commercially available calcium phosphate sealers [Apatite Root Sealer type I (ARS I) and Apatite Root Sealer III (ARS III); Sankin Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan] and a zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer (Pulp Canal Sealer EWT [PCS EWT]; Kerr, Detroit, MI). The levels of IL-6 in the new CPS group (CAPSEAL I, II) were higher than those in the control and all experimental groups at all time points after 2 h. TGF-b1 and FGF-1 levels decreased at 72 h compared to the levels in the control, in cells treated with every sealers except ARS I. The new CPS sealers showed low cytotoxicity. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that CAPSEAL I, II, and Apatite Root Sealer type III induced expression of early stage markers of differentiation (alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin) at 7 days. Also, new CPS showed higher mineralized nodule formation at 28 days. These results suggest that CAPSEAL I and II facilitate the periapical dentoalveolar and alveolar healing by controlling cellular mediators from PDL cells and osteoblast differentiation of precursor cells.