결과표현의 유형

Abstract

Expressions of the form NP1-V-NP,-AP in English which have been treated uniformly as "Resultatives" in the literature are here divided into three types, on the basis of the different semantic relations they express and their cross-linguistic distribution. They are: (i) STRONG resultatives, in which the meaning of the AP in the above schema is completely independent of the meaning of the verb (e.g., The horses dragged the logs smooth, where the lexical meaning of the verb does not contain anything like the notion of smoothness), (ii) WEAK resultatives, in which the meaning of the AP is not completely independent of the meaning of the verb (e.g., I froze the ice cream solid, where the notion of solidness is already contained in the meaning of the verb to freeze), and (iii) SPURIOUS resultatives, in which the AP specifies the manner, not the result, of the activity described by the verb (e.g., He tied his shoelaces tight/loose) and which, therefore, are not resultative expressions in the strict sense of the term. Given these informal definitions, the so-called intransitive resultatives (e.g., The joggers ran the pavement thin) are always "Strong," since the verb here (run), being intransitive, cannot contain in its semantics anything like the notion specified by the AP (thin). This trichotomy of resultative-like expressions is strongly motivated by the following cross-linguistic considerations. Thus, while English permits all the three types of expressions just mentioned, languages like Japanese permit only WEAK and SPURIOUS resultatives, and still other languages, such as French, basically permit only SPURIOUS resultatives. In this paper, we analyze Korean from the perspective of the above trichotomy, and conclude that it is another example of those languages which permit WEAK and SPURIOUS resultatives, but not STRONG resultatives, including those based on intransitive (or "unergative") verbs.