독일어 3격의 의미와 bekommen-수동의 유도 가능성

Abstract

The standard passive in German involves werden as auxiliaries, so that it is called the werden-passive. The colloquial German has, in addition, an addressee passive, namely the bekommen-passive. As well-known, the bekommen-passive can be formed, only when a noun phrase in the dative exists in the corresponding active sentences. But the existence of a dative case is no sufficient condition for building the bekommen-passive. According to its meaning, the dative case can be devided into a pair of subtypes, namely the dative commodi/inconunodi ， the possessive dative, the dative ethicus, and the dative which assignes a grammatical function of the indirect object. ln this article, it was studied which of these dative subtypes pemlits a bekommen-passive. The bekommen-passive can be formed from active sentences with a dative commodi/incommodi ， a possessive dative, and an indirect object. It is interesting that bekommen-passives in earlier German were possible only in the last case. Such a difference can be explained by way of the theory of grammaticalizations. According to this theory, the verb bekommen is on the way of becomming an auxiliary.