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Efficient enrichment of nuclease-induced mutant cells by using surrogate reporters : 대리유전자를 사용한 돌연변이 세포 선별법

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dc.contributor.advisor김진수-
dc.contributor.author김효진-
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-14T05:59:43Z-
dc.date.available2017-07-14T05:59:43Z-
dc.date.issued2012-08-
dc.identifier.other000000002984-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/125346-
dc.description학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 화학과, 2012. 8. 김진수.-
dc.description.abstractZFN 및 TALEN은 줄기세포를 비롯한 다양한 동·식물세포 안에 존재하는 유전자를 대상으로 특정 위치만을 인식하여 절단함으로써 유전자를 교정하거나 제거할 수 있는 새로운 방법으로 분자의학 및 생명공학 분야에서 크게 주목받고 있다. 그러나 유전자가위 기술을 통해 만든 돌연변이 세포와 정상 세포 간에 구별할 수 있는 방법이 없어 폭 넓은 사용에 제약이 있어왔다. 이번 연구에서는 세 종류의 리포터 시스템을 통하여 효과적으로 돌연변이 세포들을 선별할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 돌연변이를 갖고 있는 대리 유전자와 유전자가위를 동시에 세포에 도입하면 일부 세포에서 유전자가위의 작용으로 돌연변이가 고쳐져서 대리 유전자가 발현되는데 이들 세포를 분리하면 세포 내 유전자에도 높은 효율로 돌연변이가 도입되어 있음을 확인하였다. Flow cytomer-based cell sorting, magnetically separation, drug selection의 방법 중 세포의 종류 및 목적에 맞게 선택하여 사용할 수 있도록 하였고 각 방법을 사용하였을 때 선별 전에 비해 선별 후 세포에서 돌연변이의 비율이 6배~92배 증가하는 것을 확인 하였다. 이 대리 유전자 리포터 시스템의 가장 큰 장점은 간단하면서도 효과적으로 돌연변이 세포들을 선별할 수 있다는 점이다. 이 방법은 유전자가위를 이용한 유전자치료의 효율을 획기적으로 개선할 수 있으며 에이즈와 같은 바이러스 질환과 여러 유전질환에 맞춤형 유전자가위 기술을 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 더 크게 만들어 줄 것이다.-
dc.description.abstractProgrammable nucleases such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are powerful tools for genome engineering. They can be used to induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific target sites in the genome, which are repaired by intrinsic cellular mechanisms such as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Although this technology has been successfully used to achieve targeted genome engineering in many animals, plants, and stem cells, a robust method to isolate cells carrying genetic modifications induced by programmable nucleases from morphologically indistinguishable unmodified cells would enable broader applications of this technology in biomedical and bio-industrial research. Here, I describe efficient methods for enrichment of endogenous gene-modified cells by using the surrogate reporter system. Surrogate reporters are designed to express marker proteins following the introduction of frameshift mutations by programmable nucleases. When programmable nucleases and the surrogate reporter were introduced into cells, the population of cells that expressed the marker gene from surrogate reporters showed a high rate of mutation on the endogenous nuclease target site. Using three different marker genes, I developed three types of surrogate reporters that enable different selection methods such as flow cytometry-based cell sorting, antibody-assisted separation, and drug selection, each with advantages in different cell types and suited for differed research purposes. The three reporter systems can support the enrichment of mutant cell populations with 6- to 92-fold higher mutation rates than unsorted cells. In conclusion, the surrogate reporter system described in this dissertation provides a simple and quick method to separate nuclease-induced mutant cells, thereby enabling efficient application of the programmable nuclease technology in a broad spectrum of biomedical and bio-industrial research.
Keywords: Zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), TAL-effector nuclease (TALEN), DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), Surrogate reporter, Gene mutagenesis
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dc.description.tableofcontentsAbstract ............................................................................................................................................ⅰ
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ⅳ
List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................ⅵ
List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................ⅸ
List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................ⅹ
I.Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1
II. Materials and Methods
1. Construction of ZFN by modular assembly .............................................................................7
2. Construction of TALEN ..............................................................................................................11
3. Reporter plasmid construction .................................................................................................14
4. Cell culture and transfection .....................................................................................................15
5. Cell sorting by flow cytometry (FACS) ......................................................................................16
6. Magnetic-activated cell separation (MACS).............................................................................16
7. Hygromycin selection ..................................................................................................................16
8. T7E1 assay for mutation detection ...........................................................................................17
9. Fluorescent PCR analysis ..........................................................................................................17
10. Estimation of mutation frequency by sequencing ................................................................17
11. Clonal analysis of single cells and colonies ........................................................................18
III. Results
A. Enrichment of nuclease-induced mutant cells by FACS-based
surrogate reporter system
1. Establishment of surrogate reporter system ...........................................................................23
2. Enrichment of nuclease-induced mutant cells by surrogate reporter system...................27
3. Isolation of mutant clones in mouse fibroblasts derived from induced
pluripotent stem cells .....................................................................................................................43
4. Off-target effects analysis ............................................................................................................48
5. Determination of contributing factors in surrogate reporter system ...................................52
B. Enrichment of cells with nuclease-induced mutations
by antibody-assisted separation
1. Construction of reporter for magnetic-activated cell separation .........................................57
2. Enrichment of nuclease-induced mutant cells by magnetic separation ...........................60
3. Isolation of mutant clones after magnetic separation............................................................71
C. Enrichment of cells with nuclease-induced mutations
by hygromycin selection based surrogate reporter system
1. Construction of reporter for drug selection .............................................................................73
2. Enrichment of nuclease-induced mutant cells by drug selection ......................................76
3. Isolation of mutant clones by drug selection ..........................................................................82
IV. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................85
V. References ....................................................................................................................................93
Abstract in Korean ..........................................................................................................................107
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dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent4210494 bytes-
dc.format.mediumapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectZinc-finger nucleas (ZFN)-
dc.subjectTAL-effector nuclease (TALEN)-
dc.subjectDNA double-strand breaks (DSB)-
dc.subjectNon-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-
dc.subjectSurrogate reporter-
dc.subjectGene mutagunesis-
dc.subject.ddc540-
dc.titleEfficient enrichment of nuclease-induced mutant cells by using surrogate reporters-
dc.title.alternative대리유전자를 사용한 돌연변이 세포 선별법-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorHyojin Kim-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.citation.pagesx, 107-
dc.contributor.affiliation자연과학대학 화학과-
dc.date.awarded2012-08-
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