Effect of serum-derived albumin scaffold and canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on osteogenesis in canine segmental bone defect model

Abstract

Composite synthetic grafts with progenitor cells instead of auto or allografts offer an alternative approach for the fracture repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate osteogenesis of autologous serum-derived albumin (ASA) scaffold seeded with canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) in canine segmental bone defect model. ASA scaffold was prepared with canine serum by cross-linking and freeze-drying procedures. Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was mixed at cross-linking stage of the procedures. Ad-MSCs were seeded into scaffold and incubated for a day before implantation. The grafts were harvested 16 weeks after implantation for histological analysis. Dogs were divided into five groups

control, ASA scaffolds with and without Ad-MSCs, ASA scaffolds including β-TCP with and without Ad-MSCs. The group of ASA scaffold with Ad-MSCs had larger radiopaque area on radiographs than the groups with β-TCP and more bone formation in histological finding than other groups (p < 0.05). It was suggested that Ad-MSCs seeded into ASA scaffold enhanced osteogenesis in bone defect model but β-TCP in the ASA scaffold prevented the penetration of the cells related to bone healing. However, more time is required to verify whether fibrous tissues in the middle of the defects could be converted to osteoprogenitor cells.