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Approaches of China and Brazil Towards Triangular Development Cooperation: Diverging Vertices of South-South Cooperation : 삼각개발협력에 대한 중국과 브라질의 접근법 남남(南南)협력의 변화양상

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dc.contributor.advisorKim, Taekyoon-
dc.contributor.author데이비드-
dc.date.accessioned2017-10-31T07:44:59Z-
dc.date.available2017-10-31T07:44:59Z-
dc.date.issued2017-08-
dc.identifier.other000000144932-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/137494-
dc.description학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 국제대학원 국제학과, 2017. 8. Kim, Taekyoon.-
dc.description.abstract최근 남방 개발도상국 (Global South)이 국제개발분야에 적극적으로 진입하면서 국제개발협력 체계에 광대한 변화가 일고 있다. 이러한 변화 속에서 삼각개발협력은 전통적 공여국과 신흥 공여국 간의 차이를 좁히기 위한 도구로 각광받아 왔다. 본 논문은 신흥 공여국 중 가장 적극적인 중국과 브라질의 삼각개발협력에 대한 접근방식에 어떠한 차이점을 보이고 있는지 신현실주의 (Neorealism)와 사회구성주의(Social-Constructivism) 이론을 바탕으로 분석하며, 중국이 브라질에 비해 삼각개발협력에 소극적인 이유를 제시한다.
본 논문은 중국과 브라질의 삼각개발협력 양상, 동기, 그리고 관련된 협력 참여국에 대한 연구를 통해 신현실주의와 사회구성주의를 혼합한 관점이 중국의 삼각개발협력 접근법을 가장 잘 설명할 수 있는 이론적 틀이며, 브라질의 경우 사회구성주의 관점이 가장 부합함을 시사한다.
중국이 삼각개발협력에 적극적으로 나서지 않는 이유는 중국의 개발정책이 국가 중심적이고 유연성이 떨어지며, 또한 이해관계에 기반한 외교, 즉 직접적인 물질적 이익을 거둘 수 있는 양자 협력에 기반을 둔 외교를 중심으로 구성되어 있다는 측면을 들 수 있다. 브라질에 비해 중국은 삼각개발협력을 통한 국제개발원조의 글로벌 거버넌스 형성에 대해 비교적 소극적인 모습을 보이고 있는데, 이는 대안적 발전모델로써 중국 모델 (China Model)을 강조하려는 의도로 볼 수 있다. 반면 중국은 국제기구와의 협력을 통한 삼각개발협력에 대해서는 국제무대에서 책임감 있고 적극적인 일원임을 강조함으로써 국가 이미지를 제고할 수 있다는 점을 인식하여 관심을 보이고 있다.
한편 브라질의 경우, 다양한 관계자들이 여러 산업 및 지역에서 삼자협력 프로젝트에 참여하는 등 중국에 비해 다원화된 경향을 보인다. 또한 브라질은 가치기반 외교를 통해 남방 개발도상국 고유의 가치관을 확산시키고, 국제원조체계의 새로운 규범 및 제도를 형성에 기여하며, 더 나아가 세계무대의 주요 행위자로서의 정체성을 확립하기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다.
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dc.description.abstractThe global development architecture is undergoing vast changes, as emerging donors from the global South are actively entering the field of international development. The notion of triangular development cooperation has been brought to the forefront in discourse related to these changes, as it can be regarded as a tool to bridge the differing development practices of traditional and emerging donors. As China and Brazil are the most active emerging donors, this thesis employs the theories of neorealism and social-constructivism to explore how their approaches to triangular development cooperation differ, and offers explanations to why China has been a less active partner than Brazil in triangular development cooperation.
By examining the modalities, motivations and actors in triangular development cooperation involving China and Brazil, the thesis finds that Chinas approach to triangular development cooperation is best understood through a hybrid of neorealism and social-constructivism, while Brazils approach is best understood through a lens of social-constructivism.
Chinas less active role in triangular development cooperation stems from the governance of its development regime being very state-centered, non-flexible, and structured around interest-based diplomacy, where it focuses on bilateral cooperation that reaps direct material gains. China shows less interest than Brazil in shaping global governance of international development aid through triangular development cooperation, as it seeks to highlight its own China model as an alternative model for development. However, it is eager to take part in triangular development cooperation in cooperation with international organisations, as it gives it the opportunity to enhance an image of itself as a responsible and active actor in international forums.
Brazils development regime, on the other hand, is far more pluralised than Chinas, with a variety of actors taking part in a diverse range of trilateral projects in many sectors and regions. Its value-based diplomacy sees it actively participate in international development cooperation to promote the values of the global South, to shape the new norms and institutions of the global aid architecture, and to construct an identity of itself as an important global actor.
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dc.description.tableofcontentsI. Introduction 1
Background 2
The Notion of Triangular Development Cooperation 4
1. Literature Review 9
1.1 Bridging the Global Aid Architecture 11
1.2 Uncertainties Within the Global Aid Structure 16
1.3 Triangular Development Cooperation (TDC) 21
1.3.1 Models of TDC 21
1.3.2 Differing Perspectives On TDC 25
1.3.3 Comparative Advantages in TDC 28
1.3.4 Transaction Costs in TDC 29
1.3.5 Need for Standardisation of Practices in TDC 30
1.3.6 Political Nature of TDC 32
2. Methodology 35
3. Theoretical Framework 39
3.1 Neorealism 40
3.2 Social-Constructivism 42
4. China in Triangular Development Cooperation 44
4.1 Background on Chinese Development Practices 44
4.1.1 Modalities of Chinese Aid 48
4.1.2 Actors in Chinas Development Regime 50
4.2 Chinas Approach Towards TDC 52
4.2.1 Constraints to TDC 52
4.2.2 Chinas Motivations for TDC 56
4.3 Case Studies of China in TDC 58
4.3.1 China, Australia and Papua New Guinea 60
4.3.2 China, US, and Timor-Leste 63
4.3.3 China and the UNDP 66
5. Brazil in Triangular Development Cooperation 70
5.1 Background on Brazils Development Practices 70
5.1.1 Modalities of Brazilian Aid 75
5.1.2 Actors in Brazils Development Regime 79
5.2 Brazils Approach to TDC 81
5.2.1 Motivations 82
5.3 Case Studies of Brazil in TDC 84
5.3.1 Brazil, Japan and Mozambique 87
5.3.2 Brazil, Germany and Mozambique 92
5.3.3 Brazil, Canada, Norway, the IDB and Haiti 94
5.3.4 Brazil, the UNDP and the World Bank, and several partner countries 96
6. Analysis 99
6.1 Main Findings 101
6.2 Constraints to Chinas Participation in TDC 106
6.2.1 Chinas Disregard Towards Global Governance of Development Aid 106
6.2.2 Chinas Lack of Trust Towards Traditional Donors 108
6.2.3 Chinas Bilateral Model as a Constraint to TDC 111
6.2.4 Chinas Reluctance to Accept International Standards 112
6.3 Hypotheses Testing 113
6.3.1 The Neorealist Approach to TDC 113
6.3.2 The Social-Constructivist Approach to TDC 115
6.4 A Neorealist – Social-Constructivist Hybrid Approach 115
7. Conclusion 116
Bibliography 121
APPENDICES 130
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dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent1105789 bytes-
dc.format.mediumapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisher서울대학교 국제대학원-
dc.subjectTriangular Development Cooperation-
dc.subjectSouth-South Cooperation-
dc.subjectOECD-DAC-
dc.subjectGlobal Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation (GPEDC)-
dc.subjecttechnical assistance-
dc.subjectknowledge-sharing-
dc.subject.ddc327.17-
dc.titleApproaches of China and Brazil Towards Triangular Development Cooperation: Diverging Vertices of South-South Cooperation-
dc.title.alternative삼각개발협력에 대한 중국과 브라질의 접근법 남남(南南)협력의 변화양상-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorDavid Baker-
dc.description.degreeMaster-
dc.contributor.affiliation국제대학원 국제학과-
dc.date.awarded2017-08-
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