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Contribution of Nigeria Oil Resource to Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence of Resource Curse in Nigeria : 나이지리아 석유자원의 경제성장 기여도와 자원의 저주 발생여부에 대한 연구

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dc.contributor.advisorHeo Eunnyeong-
dc.contributor.authorOfuonyebuzor, Matthew-
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-30T05:55:21Z-
dc.date.available2021-11-30T05:55:21Z-
dc.date.issued2021-02-
dc.identifier.other000000164240-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/176315-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000164240ko_KR
dc.description학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2021. 2. Heo Eunnyeong.-
dc.description.abstractThis research investigates the contribution of Nigeria oil resources to economic growth and as well as assessing the evidence of resource curse in Nigeria. For empirical analyses, data ranging from 1984 to 2017 for gross domestic product, oil rent, oil revenue, gross capital formation, total factor productivity, control of corruption amongst others were used. Following literature review, three econometric models were chosen to investigate the evidence of resource curse and the contribution of oil resource to economic growth in Nigeria. After testing for stationarity and cointegration, the short-run and long-run models were estimated using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model.
The first empirical model which shows the nature of association between economic growth and oil rent have a positive relationship in the short-run, which implies that oil resource contributes to economic growth in the short-run. However, the relationship was found to be negative in the long-run, which means that in the long-run, an increase in resource rent leads to decline in economic growth. In the meanwhile, oil revenue remains positive both in the short run and long run, implying that it is not just the oil resources that lead to resource curse, but over dependence on the resources, since oil rent is expressed as share of oil export in percentage of GDP. This therefore confirms the evidence of resource curse in Nigeria for the period under study. Again, the second model estimated for the relationship between total factor productivity and oil revenue shows a negative relationship. Therefore, as oil revenue increase, productivity decreases which eventually cause a decline in the economic growth, which is also an evidence of resource curse.
The third model was estimated to ascertain the nature of relationship between institutional quality, in which control of corruption serves as a proxy, and oil revenue. The result shows that oil revenue has a negative coefficient both in the short run and long run, which is known as political resource curse, while the coefficient of oil rent in both short run and long run are insignificant. Therefore, as oil revenue increases, it induces for rent-seeking behavior among public leaders which tends to cause the quality of institution to and deteriorate. This implies that higher oil revenue can induce corruption in Nigeria which creates inefficiencies and distortions in economic activities.
The results from the three models show the evidence of resource curse in Nigeria. Having validated the existence of resource curse in Nigeria with understanding of some of the transmission channels, several recommendations can be made to escape the trap of resource abundance in an oil-rich country like Nigeria, including introducing an efficient resource management mechanism, initiating a set of policies that can diversify the economy away from oil revenue, and introducing a special stabilization fund.
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dc.description.abstract본 논문에서는 에너지자원부국인 나이지리아를 대상으로 하여 부존 석유자원이 나이지리아의 경제성장에 기여하는 정도를 분석함과 동시에 자원부국에서 발생하는 대표적인 문제인 자원의 저주(resource curse)가 나이지리아에서도 발생하였는지를 세 가지의 계량경제모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석에는1984년부터 2017년까지의 자료를 활용하였으며, 자기회귀시차분포모형(Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model) 및 오차수정모형(Error Correction Model)을 사용하여 실증분석을 실시하였다.
첫 번째 석유 지대(oil rent)와 경제성장간의 장기균형분석에서, 단기에는 두 변수 간에 양의 상관관계가 도출되었으나 장기에는 음의 상관관계가 나타났다. 한편 석유 지대는 지속적으로 양의 값을 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 단기적으로는 석유생산이 경제성장에 도움을 주었지만, 장기적으로는 그렇지 못함을 보여주며, 또한 석유자원에의 과다한 의존도가 나이지리아에서 자원의 저주를 발생시키는 또 하나의 중요한 원인임을 보여준다. 두 번째 분석모형에서는 TFP와 석유 지대 간 장기 관계가 음수로 나타났다. 이는 석유로 인한 수입 증대가 생산성 감소로 나타나며, 이로 인하여 나이지리아 경제성장에의 기여도가 감소하게 됨을 보여주어 또 하나의 자원의 저주 발생의 증거가 됨을 확인하였다.
세 번째 분석모형에서는 정부 및 공공기관의 수준을 나타내는 지표를 사용하였는데, 이는 정부기관의 부정부패를 나타내는 지표로 해설이 가능하다. 분석결과, 공공기관의 수준과 석유수입과는 음의 상관관계가 나타났는데, 이는 석유수입이 증가할수록 공공기관의 수준이 낮아짐을 의미한다. 이 결과 역시 석유수입이 증가가 장기적으로 나이지라아의 경제성장에 도움이 되자 못하는 또 하나의 증빙이 된다. 이러한 자원의 저주 문제를 사전에 방지하고 부존자원의 개발이 자국의 경제성장에 장기적으로도 도움이 되게 하기 위해서는 자원부국 정부는 효율적인 부존자원 관리 규정의 마련, 석유 이외의 경제성장동력의 개발을 위한 정책수립, 그리고 석유자원 개발로 인한 수익금을 관리할 기금의 수립 등의 정책들을 활용할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 계량분석결과는 나이지리아를 비롯한 자원부국의 부존자원 개발정책 수립과정에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
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dc.description.tableofcontentsContents
Abstract i
Table of content iii
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
Chapter One: Introduction 1
1.1: Background to the Study 1
1.2: Statement of the Problem 4
1.3.1: Aim and Objectives of the Study 5
1.3.2: Research Questions 5
1.3.3: Significance of the Research 5
1.3.4: Scope of the Study 6
Chapter Two: Literature Review 7
2.1: Literatures on Resource Curse 7
2.2: Overview of Nigeria Oil Production 16
Chapter Three: Theoretical Framework 19
3.1 Data and Methodology 22
3.1.1 Description of Variables 22
3.1.2 Graph of Variables 25
3.1.3 Unit Root Test 29
3.1.4 Testing for Cointegration 30
3.1.5: Bound Cointegration Test 31
3.2: Post Estimation Test 31
Chapter Four: Result and Discussion 33
4.1: Unit Root Test Result 33
4.2: The Impact of Oil Rent on Economic Growth 34
4.2.1: Bound Test Result 34
4.2.2: Interpretation of Result of the Impact of Oil Rent on GDP Per Capita 36
4.2.3: Post Diagnostic Test for model of GDP and Oil Rent 37
4.3: The Impact of Oil Revenue on total factor productivity (TFP) 42
4.3.1: Bound Test 42
4.3.2: The Interpretation of the model of the impact of oil revenue on total factor productivity 44
4.3.3: Post Diagnostic Test for the model of the impact of oil revenue on total factor productivity 45
4.4: The Impact of Oil Revenue on Quality of Institution (QI) 48
4.4.1: Bounds Cointegration Test 48
4.4.2: Interpretation of the model of impact oil revenue on institutional quality 49
4.4.3: Post Diagnostic Test for the model of the Institutional Quality and Oil Revenue 49
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion and Policy Recommendation 53
5.1 Summary 53
5.2 Conclusion 54
5.3 Recommendation and Policy implication 55
5.3.1: Contribution to knowledge 55
5.3.2: Limitation and suggestion for further study 56
References 57
Appendices 61
Appendix 1: Unit Root Test Results 61
Appendix 2: Bound Cointegration Test 94
Appendix 3: Short-run and long-run model 96
국문 요약 102

List of Tables

Table 3.1: Descriptive Statistics 24
Table 4.1: Table of unit test result 33
Table 4.2.1: Bound test result for model of oil rent and GDP 35
Table 4.2.2: Short-run model of the impact of oil rent on GDP per capita 35
Table 4.2.3: The long-run result of the Impact of Oil Rent GDP per capita 36
Table 4.2.1: Table of Ramsey RESET for GDP and oil rent model 38
Table 4.2.2: Table of serial correlation for model of GDP and oil rent 39
Table 4.2.3: Heteroskedasticity Test. Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey: GDP and oil rent 39
Table 4.3.1: Table of bound test for the model of oil resource and TFP 42
Table 4.3.2: Table of short-run model of impact of oil revenue on TFP 43
Table 4.3.3: Long run model of impact of oil revenue on TFP 44
Table 4.3.4: Table of Ramsey RESET for TFP and oil revenue model 45
Alternative Hypothesis H1: There is serial correlation 45
Table 4.3.5: Table of serial correlation test for TFP and oil revenue model 45
Table 4.3.6: Table of Heteroskedasticity Test. Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey for TFP and oil revenue model 46
Table 4.4.1: Table of bound test for model of oil revenue and QI 48
Table 4.4.2: Short run model of impact of oil revenue and QI 48
Table 4.4.3: Long run model of impact of oil revenue on quality of institution 49
Table 4.4.4: Table of Ramsey RESET for QI and oil revenue model 50
Table 4.4.5: Table of serial correlation test for QI and oil revenue model 50
Table 4.4.2.3: Table of Heteroskedasticity Test. Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey for QI and oil revenue model 51










List of Figures

Figure 3.1: Graph of per capita GDP (in US Dollar) from 1984 - 2017 25
Figure 3.2: Graph of gross capital formation (US Dollar) from 1984 - 2017 26
Figure 3.3: Graph oil rent (in % of GDP) from 1984 - 2017 26
Figure 3.4: Graph of oil revenue (in billion naira) from 1984 - 2017 27
Figure 3.5: Graph of corruption from 1984 - 2017 27
Figure 3.6: Graph quality of institution from 1984 - 2017 28
Figure 3.7: Graph education expenditure (in billion naira) from 1984 - 2017 28
Figure 3.8: Graph exchange rate from (naira to US dollar) 1984 – 2017 29
Figure 4.2.2: CUSUM Chart for GDP and oil rent model 41
Figure 4.2.3: CUSUM of Square Chart for GDP and oil rent model 41
Figure 4.3.1: Normality test for the model of TFP and oil revenue 46
Figure 4.3.2: CUSUM Chart for TFP and oil revenue model 47
Figure 4.3.3: CUSUM of Square Chart for TFP and oil revenue model 47
Figure 4.4.1: Normality test for the model of QI and oil revenue 51
Figure 4.4.2: CUSUM Chart for model of QI and oil revenue 52
Figure 4.4.3: CUSUM of Square Chart for model of QI and oil revenue 52
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dc.format.extentvi, 111-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectEconomic growth-
dc.subjectresource curse-
dc.subjectoil rent-
dc.subjectNigeria-
dc.subjectquality of institution-
dc.subjectcorruption-
dc.subject석유-
dc.subject나이지리아-
dc.subject경제성장-
dc.subject자원의 저주-
dc.subject자원 지대-
dc.subject.ddc658.514-
dc.titleContribution of Nigeria Oil Resource to Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence of Resource Curse in Nigeria-
dc.title.alternative나이지리아 석유자원의 경제성장 기여도와 자원의 저주 발생여부에 대한 연구-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthor메튜-
dc.contributor.department공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공-
dc.description.degreeMaster-
dc.date.awarded2021-02-
dc.contributor.majorIEPP/TEMEP-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000164240-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000044▲000000000050▲000000164240▲-
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