Publications

Detailed Information

Antiulcer Activity, Toxicity, and Possible Mechanisms of Action of Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit-Derived Materials : 백년초(Opuntia ficus-indica) 열매 유래 물질의 항궤양 효과, 독성 및 작용 기전

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.advisor양태진-
dc.contributor.author박상욱-
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-30T06:27:21Z-
dc.date.available2021-11-30T06:27:21Z-
dc.date.issued2021-02-
dc.identifier.other000000164254-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/176509-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000164254ko_KR
dc.description학위논문 (박사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 협동과정 농업생물공학전공, 2021. 2. 양태진.-
dc.description.abstract위염은 주로 짠 음식과 매운 음식을 주로 먹는 한국 성인들에게 흔한 질병이
다. 일반적으로 증상에는 상복부 통증, 메스꺼움, 구토, 복통, 소화 불량 및 복부 팽
만감이 있다. 위염은 병태생리학적으로 위 공격 인자 (산, 펩신, 헬리코박터 파일로
리)와 위 점막 방어 인자 (위 점액, 중탄산염 분비, 프로스타글란딘 및 점막 세포의
선천적인 저항성) 사이의 불균형으로 발병한다. 위궤양 치료제로 여러 약물이 사용
되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 치료제에는 부작용이 있다. 부작용이 적은 새로운 위염
치료제 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 식물은 잠재적인 치료제를 가지고 있을 것으
로 생각되어 약용 식물에서 새로운 화합물을 찾기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있다.
Opuntia ficus-indica (선인장과) (백년초)는 많은 국가에서 전통 의약품으로 사용
되고 있다. 대한민국의 제주도에서는 건강 식품 제조 용도로 널리 재배되고 있다.
본 연구는 백년초 열매 추출물을 위염 치료 천연물의약품으로 개발하기 위해 수행
되었다. OF-80E (백년초 열매 80% 에탄올 추출물)의 항궤양 활성은 에탄올, 비스테로
이드성 항염증제 (인도메타신, 아스피린 및 디클로페낙) 및 스트레스 유발 위염 랫
트 모델을 사용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과는, 시판된 약물인 스티렌정 (Stillen® tablet)
및 뮤코스타정 (Mucosta® tablet)과 비교하였다. 또한, OF-80E의 급성독성, 아만성독성,
유전독성 및 안전성 약리 연구는 인간의 안전한 섭취를 위해 경제협력 개발기구 지
침 및 우수실험실관리 규정에 따라 평가하였다. 마지막으로, 위염 모델에서 OF-80E
의 항궤양작용의 가능한 메커니즘은 생화학 및 분자 분석을 사용하여 설명하였다.
AGS 세포를 이용한 아스피린 유도 세포독성 억제 시험을 기반으로 성분 분리
를 통하여 백년초 열매로부터 분리하고, 전자이온화 질량분석법과 핵자기 공명 분
광법을 포함한 분광 분석을 통해 두 종의 활성 화합물을 동정하였다. 두 종의 항궤
양 성분은 플라보노이드인 aromadendrin과 narcissin으로 확인되었다. IC50 값으로 보
면, flavone인 aromadendrin (<0.5 μM)과 flavonol인 narcissin (<0.5 μM)은 다른 flavones인
naringenin (5.9 μM), eriodictyol (>10 μM), taxifolin (1.1 μM) 및 다른 flavonols인 kaempferol,
quercetin 및 isokaempfride (>10 μM) 보다 AGS 세포를 이용한 아스피린 유도 세포독
성 억제 효과가 우수하였다.
OF-80E는 시판된 약물보다 공격인자에 대해서 위 점막 손상을 보호하는 효과
가 우수하였다. 에탄올, 비스테로이드성 항염증제 및 스트레스 유발 위염 랫트 모델
에서, OF-80E는 시판된 약물에 비해 효과적으로 위 출혈성 병변과 조직학적 조직
손상을 억제하였다.
단회 경구투여 독성연구에서 OF-80E의 개략적인 치사량은 SD 랫트의 암, 수
모두에서 10000 mg/kg 이상으로 확인되었다. 13주 반복 경구투여 독성연구에서 OF-
80E의 무독성량은 SD 랫트의 암, 수 모두에서 2000 mg/kg/day로 확인되었다. 4주 반
복 경구투여 독성 연구에서 OF-80E의 최대내성용량은 비글견 암, 수 모두에서 1500
mg/kg/day로 확인되었다. Salmonella typhimurium과 Escherichia coli를 이용한 복귀돌연
변이 시험에서 OF-80E는 돌연변이를 유발하지 않았다. Chinese hamster lung 세포를
이용한 염색체 이상시험에서 OF-80E는 염색체 이상을 유발하지 않았다. 소핵시험에
서 OF-80E는 동물 골수세포에서 소핵을 유발하지 않았다. OF-80E를 5000 mg/kg 이하
로 설치류에 단회 경구 투여했을 때, ICR 마우스의 중추신경계에 영향을 미치지 않
았고, SD 랫트의 호흡기계에 영향을 미치지 않았다. OF-80E는 500 μg/mL 농도까지
human ether-a-go-go related gene 채널에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보아, OF-80E는 심
혈관계에 미치는 영향이 낮을 것으로 확인되었다.
OF-80E는 AGS 세포에서 아스피린에 의해 감소되고, 랫트에서 인도메타신에
의해 감소한 glutathione을 증가시켰다. OF-80E는 AGS 세포에서 아스피린에 의해 감
소한 prostaglandin E2의 농도를 증가시켰다. 인도메타신 유도 위염 랫트에서 감소된
부착성 위점액은 OF-80E의 처리에 의해 합성되고 분비되었다. OF-80E는 인도메타신
유도 랫트의 위 점막에서 myeloperoxidase의 활성을 억제하고, 스트레스 유도 위염
랫트의 위 점막에서 tumor necrosis factor-α를 감소시켰다.
-
dc.description.abstractGastritis is a common disease among Korean adults who take mainly very salty and spicy foods. Usually, symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, indigestion, and bloating. Pathophysiology of gastritis is due to a lack of equilibrium between the gastric aggressive factor (acid, pepsin, and Helicobacter pylori) and the mucosal defense factor (gastric mucus, bicarbonate secretion, prostaglandins, and innate resistance of the mucosal cells). There are several types of medicines used to treat a gastric ulcer. However, these treatments have side effects. There is a pressing need to develop a new gastritis treatment with fewer side effects. Plants are regarded to represent a reservoir of potential therapeutics and therefore the efforts to search for novel compounds from medicinal plants have been continued.
Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) has been used in traditional medicine of many countries. It is widely cultivated in Jeju Island, Korea, for use in the manufacture of health foods. The aim of this study was to develop O. ficus-indica fruits extract as an antiulcer botanical drug. The antiulcer activity of OF-80E (80% ethanol extract of O. ficus-indica fruits) was assessed using the ethanol-, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, aspirin, and diclofenac)-, and stress-induced gastritis rat models. The results were compared with those of commercially available drugs, Stillen® tablet and Mucosta® tablet. In addition, the acute toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, and safety pharmacology studies of OF-80E were analyzed under Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline and Good Laboratory Practice regulations for human safe consumption. Finally, the possible mechanism underlying the antiulcer actions of OF-80E in gastritis models were elucidated using biochemical and molecular analyses.
Inhibition of aspirin-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells assay-guided fractionation of the O. ficus-indica fruits led to the identification of two active compounds through spectroscopic analyses, including electron ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two antiulcer constituents were the flavonoids aromadendrin and narcissin. Based on the IC50 values, the flavone, aromadendrin (<0.5 μM), and the flavonol, narcissin (<0.5 μM), were more effective in inhibition of aspirin-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells than other flavones, naringenin (5.9 μM), eriodictyol (>10 μM) and taxifolin (1.1 μM), and flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, and isokaempfride (>10 μM).
OF-80E was more effective than commercially available drugs to protect gastric mucosal damage against aggressive factors. In ethanol-, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-, and stress-induced gastritis rat models, OF-80E inhibited gastric hemorrhagic lesions and histological tissue damage effectively comparing than commercially available drugs.
In a single dose oral toxicity study, the approximate lethal dose of OF-80E in both male and female of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was higher than 10000 mg/kg. In a 13-week repeated oral toxicity study, the no observed adverse effect level of OF-80E was 2000 mg/kg/day for both sexes of SD rats. In a 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the maximum tolerance dose of OF-80E was 1500 mg/kg/day for both sexes of beagle dogs. In Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation studies, OF-80E did not cause mutation. In a chromosome aberration test, OF-80E did not cause chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster lung cells. In micronucleus assay, OF-80E did not induce micronuclei in the mammalian bone marrow cells. Single oral administration of OF-80E to rodent at below 5000 mg/kg did not affect the central nervous system of ICR mice and did not induce adverse effects on the respiratory system of SD rats. OF-80E did not effect on the human ether-a-go-go related gene channel up to the concentration of 500 μg/mL, indicating that the effect of OF-80E on cardiovascular system was to be low.
OF-80E increased glutathione reduced by aspirin in AGS cells and decreased by indomethacin in rats. OF-80E increased prostaglandin E2 levels reduced by aspirin in AGS cells. Decreased adherent mucus was synthesized and stimulated, by OF-80E pretreatment in indomethacin-induced gastritis rats. OF-80E inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in indomethacin-induced rat gastric mucosal and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α in stress-induced rat gastric mucosal.
-
dc.description.tableofcontentsAbstract i
Contents iv
List of Abbreviations xi
List of Figures xiv
List of Tables xvi
Ⅰ. Introduction 1
Ⅱ. Literature reviews 4
1. Gastritis (Gastric ulcer) 4
1.1. Pathophysiology and risk factors 5
1.1.1. Helicobacter pylori 6
1.1.2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 8
1.2. Morbidity and mortality 9
1.3. Diagnosis 10
1.4. Prevention 12
2. Therapeutic agents of gastritis 12
2.1. Histamine H2 antagonists 15
2.2. Proton pump inhibitors 15
2.3. Antacids 17
2.4. Prostaglandin derivatives 18
2.5. Antimuscarinic agents 18
2.6. Anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy 19
2.6.1. Combination therapy 20
2.6.2. Anti-Helicobacter pylori vaccines 21
2.7. CCKB antagonists 22
3. Study of new drug from plant extracts to treat gastritis 23
3.1. Plant extracts with antigastritis activity 23
3.2. Phytochemicals with antigastritis activity 27
3.3. Herbal medicines tested in clinical trials 30
4. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller 34
4.1. Nutritional contents and bioactive constituents of Opuntia ficus-indica 35
4.2. Biological activities of Opuntia ficus-indica 39
4.2.1. Flower 40
4.2.2. Fruit/pulp 41
4.2.3. Seed 42
4.2.4. Peel/skin 43
4.2.5. Cladode 44
Ⅲ. Materials and Methods 45
1. Preparation of test materials 45
1.1. Instrumental analysis 45
1.2. Chemicals and reagents 46
1.3. Preparation of O. ficus-indica fruit ethanol extracts 46
1.4. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation of O. ficus-indica fruits 47
1.5. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry chemical analysis 49
1.6. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of narcissin and aromadendrin 50
1.7. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of betanin 50
1.8. Mass production of OF-80E (O. ficus-indica fruits 80% ethanol extract) 51
2. Evaluation of gastro-protective activity in an in vitro model 51
2.1. Gastric AGS cell cultures 51
2.2. Ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells 52
2.3. Aspirin-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells 52
2.4. Determination of reduced glutathione level in AGS cells 53
2.5. Determination prostaglandin E2 level in AGS cells 53
2.6. Data analysis 54
3. Evaluation of gastro-protective activity in an in vivo model 54
3.1. Animals 54
3.2. Ethanol-induced gastritis rats 55
3.3. Indomethacin-induced gastritis rats 55
3.4. Aspirin-induced gastritis rats 55
3.5. Stress-induced gastritis rats 56
3.6. Diclofenac-induced gastritis rats 56
3.7. Determination of gastric lesion index 57
3.8. Gastric adherent mucus assay 57
3.9. Measurement of mucosal myeloperoxidase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha 58
3.10. Measurement of reduced glutathione level of mucosa 58
3.11. Measurement of histological index of gastric tissue 58
3.12. Data analysis 59
4. Toxicity studies of OF-80E 59
4.1. Single dose oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats 59
4.1.1. Animals 59
4.1.2. Experimental design 60
4.1.3. Data analysis 61
4.2. Thirteen-week repeated-dose oral toxicity study with a four-week recovery in Sprague Dawley rats 61
4.2.1. Experimental design 61
4.2.2. Urine collection and blood sampling 61
4.2.3. Urinalysis 62
4.2.4. Hematological test 62
4.2.5. Clinical biochemistry test 63
4.2.6. Histopathology 63
4.2.7. Data analysis 64
4.3. Four-week repeated-dose oral toxicity study in beagle dogs 65
4.3.1. Animals 65
4.3.2. Experimental design 66
4.3.3. Urine collection and blood sampling 66
4.3.4. Urinalysis 67
4.3.5. Hematological test 67
4.3.6. Clinical biochemistry test 67
4.3.7. Histopathology 68
4.4. Bacterial reverse mutation test 68
4.4.1. Test strains and materials preparation 68
4.4.2. Experimental procedures 69
4.5. Chromosome aberration test in CHL cells 70
4.5.1. Test system 70
4.5.2. Experimental procedure 71
4.5.3. Evaluation of chromosomal aberration 72
4.6. In vivo micronucleus assay 73
4.6.1. Test system 73
4.6.2. Observations and examinations 74
4.7. Effect of OF-80E on the central nervous system in ICR mice 75
4.7.1. Test system 75
4.7.2. Observations and examinations 76
4.8. Effect of OF-80E on the respiratory rate and tidal volume in Sprague Dawley rats 79
4.8.1. Test system 79
4.8.2. Observations and examinations 79
4.9. Effect of OF-80E on human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells 80
4.9.1. Cells cultures 80
4.9.2. Preparation of test substances and test solution 81
4.9.3. Measurement and analysis 81
4.9.4. Data analysis 82
Ⅳ. Results 84
1. Gastro-protective activity of O. ficus-indica fruits in an in vitro model 84
1.1. Activity comparisons of various O. ficus-indica fruit ethanol extracts on aspirin-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells 84
1.2. Chemical constituent of O. ficus-indica fruit ethanol extracts 85
1.3. Bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of O. ficus-indica fruits 85
1.4. Effect of the isolated flavonoids on aspirin-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells 91
1.5. Effect of OF-80E on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells 92
1.7. Effect of OF-80E on aspirin-induced cytotoxicity in AGS cells 93
1.8. Reduced glutathione and prostaglandin E2 levels in AGS cells treated with OF-80E 94
2. Gastro-protective activity of O. ficus-indica fruits in an in vivo model 96
2.1. Gastro-protective activity of OF-80E in an ethanol-induced gastritis rat 96
2.2. Gastro-protective activity of OF-80E in an indomethacin-induced gastritis rat 100
2.3. Gastro-protective activity of OF-80E in an aspirin-induced gastritis rat 102
2.4. Gastro-protective activity of OF-80E in a stress-induced gastritis rat 104
2.5. Gastro-protective activity of OF-80E in a diclofenac-induced gastritis rat 106
2.6. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity of OF-80E 108
2.6.1. Effect of OF-80E on membrane-bound myeloperoxidase activity 108
2.6.2. Effect of OF-80E on tumor necrosis factor-α level 109
2.6.3. Effect of OF-80E on reduced glutathione level 109
2.7. Effect of OF-80E on adherent mucus level 110
3. Toxicity studies of OF-80E 111
3.1. Single dose oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats 111
3.2. Thirteen-week repeated-dose oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats 114
3.2.1. General clinical signs 114
3.2.2. Body weights 116
3.2.3. Food consumption 116
3.2.4. Water consumption 120
3.2.5. Urinalysis 123
3.2.6. Hematological test 129
3.2.7. Clinical blood biochemistry test 130
3.2.8. Organ weights 130
3.2.9. Necropsy finding 131
3.2.10. Histopathological examination 132
3.3. Four-week repeated-dose oral toxicity study in beagle dogs 133
3.4. Bacterial reverse mutation study 136
3.5. Chromosome aberration test in CHL cells 138
3.5.1. Results in the presence of S9 mixture 138
3.5.2. Results in the absence of S9 mixture 138
3.6. Frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte and cytotoxicity in an in vivo micronucleus assay 141
3.7. Effect of OF-80E on the central nervous system in ICR mice 143
3.8. Effect of OF-80E on the respiratory rate and tidal volume in Sprague Dawley rats 146
3.9. Effect of OF-80E on human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells 148
Ⅴ. Discussion 150
References 158
Abstract in Korean 189
-
dc.format.extentxviii, 211-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectgastritis-
dc.subjectOpuntia ficus-indica fruit-
dc.subjectgastro-protective effect-
dc.subjectoral toxicity study-
dc.subjectgenotoxicity-
dc.subjectsafety pharmacology-
dc.subject위염-
dc.subject백년초(Opuntia ficus-indica) 열매-
dc.subject위보호 효과-
dc.subject경구투여 독성연구-
dc.subject유 전독성-
dc.subject안전성 약리-
dc.subject.ddc660.6-
dc.titleAntiulcer Activity, Toxicity, and Possible Mechanisms of Action of Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit-Derived Materials-
dc.title.alternative백년초(Opuntia ficus-indica) 열매 유래 물질의 항궤양 효과, 독성 및 작용 기전-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorSang Wook Park-
dc.contributor.department농업생명과학대학 협동과정 농업생물공학전공-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.date.awarded2021-02-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000164254-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000044▲000000000050▲000000164254▲-
Appears in Collections:
Files in This Item:

Altmetrics

Item View & Download Count

  • mendeley

Items in S-Space are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.

Share