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음양곽의 화학 성분과 PCSK9 발현 억제 활성 : Chemical constituents of Epimedium koreanum and their inhibitory activity against PCSK9 expression

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dc.contributor.advisor김진웅-
dc.contributor.author김이레-
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-20T06:58:29Z-
dc.date.available2022-04-20T06:58:29Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.other000000167747-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/178220-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000167747ko_KR
dc.description학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 약학대학 약학과, 2021.8. 김진웅.-
dc.description.abstractEpimedium (Berberidaceae) is a genus of about 52 species of herbaceous planats and mainly distributed in East, South, Central Asia and Europe. The dried aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai, Herba Epimedii, have been used as a tonic or for the treatment of dementia, hypertension, impotence, rheumatic and paralytic diseases. Previous phytochemical studies reported that lignans, phenol glycosides, and prenylated flavonoids are present as chemical constituents of this plant. Individual constituents including icariin and extracts of E. koreanum demonstrated a variety of biological activities such as anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor and immunoadjuvant activities as well as improvement of sexual function.
Proprotein convertase subtisilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in degrading LDLR via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and preventing LDLR recycling, and resultantly decreasing the capacity of LDL uptake into cells. Thus, high expression of PCSK9 is often associated with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and inhibition of PCSK9 expression or activity has been suggested as a tool to treat patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Currently, two antibody drugs are prescribed clinically since 2015.
As part of our ongoing project to discover PCSK9 expression inhibitory compounds from medicinal plants, n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the aerial parts of E. koreanum was selected for further investigation due to its initial PCSK9 mRNA expression inhibitory activity. Four new acylated flavonoids (1-4) and 18 known compounds (5-22) were isolated from n-BuOH soluble fraction of E. koreanum. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS, and chemical method. All isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities against PCSK9 mRNA expression in the HepG2 cells. Of the isolates, compounds 6, 7 and 16 were found to inhibit PCSK9 mRNA expression. In addition, compound 7 showed to increase LDLR mRNA expression. Thus, this compound 7 may merit potential to increase LDL uptake and lower cholesterol level in blood.
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dc.description.abstractEpimedium은 Berberidaceae과에 속하는 식물로 주로 동, 남, 중앙아시아와 유럽 등지에 분포한다. 음양곽의 지상부는 오랫동안 강장제로 사용되었으며 치매, 고혈압, 발기부전, 류마티스성과 마비성 질환에 사용되었다. 이전의 연구 결과로부터 리그난, 페놀 배당체, 프레닐 플라보노이드 등의 활성 성분이 존재함이 알려져 있다. 이러한 활성 성분들은 간세포 보호, 항염증, 항골다공증, 항종양 활성과 면역 보강 활성을 가진 것으로 알려졌다.
Proprotein convertase subtisilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)은 clathrin-dependent endocytosis를 통해 LDLR을 분해하고 LDLR의 재활용을 방해하여 결과적으로 LDL의 세포 내 흡수를 저해시키는데 관여한다. 따라서 PCSK9의 발현의 증가는 고지혈증의 발생과 연관이 있으며 PCSK9의 발현 혹은 활성 차단은 고지혈증 환자의 치료에 사용될 수 있다. 2015년 이후로 두가지의 항체치료제가 임상적으로 처방되고 있다.
약용 식물에서 PCSK9 발현 억제 화합물을 발견하기 위한 연구의 일환으로, E. koreanum 지상부의 n-BuOH 분획이 PCSK9 mRNA 발현을 억제함을 확인하였다. 그러나 이 식물로부터 PCSK9 억제 물질에 대한 보고가 없었으므로 식물화학적 연구를 진행하였고, 이들의 PCSK9 억제 활성을 확인하였다.
음양곽 지상부를 메탄올로 초음파 추출하여 극성에 따라 n-헥산, 클로로포름, n-부탄올 분획으로 나누었다. 이 중 PCSK9 mRNA 억제 활성을 보인 n-부탄올 분획을 대상으로 여러 크로마토그래피법을 사용하여 분리를 실시, 22종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 분리된 22종의 화합물을 각종 분광학적 방법을 통해 구조를 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (1), 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[2-O-2-((4-methoxy-4-oxobutan-2-yl)oxy) acetic acid-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (2), 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[2-O-2-((4-oxopropan-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid methyl ester-α-L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 4-methoxy-5-hydroxy-8-3,3-dimethylallylflavone 3-O-[2-O-2-((4-methoxy-4-oxobutan-2-yl)oxy)acetic acid butyl ester-α-L-rhamno-pyranoside]-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), koreanoside E (5), icariside I (6), ikarisoside A (7), icariside II (8), epimedoside A (9), icariin (10), epimedin A (11), korepimedoside C (12), epimedin B (13), epimedin C (14), anhydroicaritin 3-O-β-D-fuco-pyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-β-D-gluco-pyranoside (15), icarisid I (16), korepimedoside A (17), epimedokoreanoside I (18), korepimeoside C (19), epimedin L (20), caohuoside B (21), epimedoicarisoside A (22) 로 동정하였으며, 이 중 화합물 1~4는 천연에서 처음 분리, 보고되는 물질이다.
분리한 22종의 화합물에 대하여 HepG2 세포에서 PCSK9 mRNA 발현 억제 활성과 LDLR mRNA 발현 증식 효과를 평가한 결과 화합물 7 (ikarisoside A)이 PCSK9 mRNA 발현을 억제함과 동시에 LDLR mRNA의 발현을 유의미하게 증식시킴이 확인되었다.
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dc.description.tableofcontents1. 서 론 1
1. 연구의 배경 1
1.1 Epimedii Herba 1
1.2 음양곽의 식물화학적 연구 3
1.2.1 Flavonoid 3
1.2.2 Lignan 5
1.2.3 기타 화합물 5
2. Proprotein converase subtisilin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) 7
3. 연구의 목적 12
2. 실험 재료 및 방법 13
1. 재료 13
2. 방법 15
2.1. 추출 및 분획 15
2.2. 분리 및 정제 16
2.3. 당의 절대 구조 결정 19
3. 결과 및 고찰 36
1. 화합물 구조동정 36
1.1. 화합물 1의 구조 36
1.2. 화합물 2의 구조 40
1.3. 화합물 3의 구조 47
1.4. 화합물 4의 구조 53
1.5. 화합물 5의 구조 58
1.6. 화합물 6의 구조 60
1.7. 화합물 7, 8의 구조 62
1.8. 화합물 9, 10의 구조 65
1.9. 화합물 11의 구조 68
1.10. 화합물 12의 구조 70
1.11. 화합물 13의 구조 72
1.12. 화합물 14의 구조 74
1.13. 화합물 15의 구조 76
1.14. 화합물 16의 구조 78
1.15. 화합물 17의 구조 80
1.16. 화합물 18의 구조 82
1.17. 화합물 19의 구조 84
1.18. 화합물 20의 구조 86
1.19. 화합물 21의 구조 88
1.20. 화합물 22의 구조 90
2. PCSK9 발현 억제 활성 94
2.1. 생리활성 평가 94
참고문헌 96
Abstract 104
List of schemes .
Scheme 1. Extraction and fractionation of E. koreanum 5
Scheme 2. Isolation of compounds from the n-BuOH soluble extract of E.koreanum 18
List of tables .
Table 1. Pharmacological studies reported in the genus Epimedium. 2
Table 2. The PCSK9 inhibitor agents from natural products. 11
Table 3. 1H and 13C-NMR Data of compounds 1-4 (CD3OD). 34
List of figures .
Fig 1. Structrue of flavonoids reported in the genus Epimedium. 4
Fig 2. Structure of lignans reported in E. koreanum. 5
Fig 3. Structure of miscellaneous compounds reported in E. koreanum. 6
Fig 4. LDL-cholesterol metabolism in the presence or absence of PCSK9. 8
Fig 5. The PCSK9 inhibitor agents from natural products 10
Fig 6. 1H and 13CNMR spectra of compound 1. 37
Fig 7. 1H-1H COSY spectrum of compound 1 38
Fig 8. HMBC spectrum of compound 1. 39
Fig 9. 1H NMR spectrum of compound 2 42
Fig 10. 13C NMR spectrum of compound 2. 43
Fig 11. 1H-1H COSY spectrum of compound 2 44
Fig 12. HMBC spectrum of compound 2. 45
Fig 13. Optimized HMBC spectrum (2 Hz) of compound 2 46
Fig 14. 1H NMR spectrum of compound 3. 48
Fig 15. 13C NMR spectrum of compound 3 49
Fig 16. 1H-1H COSY spectrum of compound 3. 50
Fig 17. HMBC spectrum of compound 3 51
Fig 18. The long-range COSY spectrum of compound 3. 52
Fig 19. 1H NMR spectrum of compound 4 54
Fig 20. 13C NMR spectrum of compound 4. 55
Fig 21. 1H-1H COSY spectrum of compound 4 56
Fig 22. HMBC spectrum of compound 4. 57
Fig 23. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 5 59
Fig 24. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 6. 61
Fig 25. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 7 63
Fig 26. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 8. 64
Fig 27. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 9 66
Fig 28. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 10. 67
Fig 29. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 11. 69
Fig 30. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 12. 71
Fig 31. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 13. 73
Fig 32. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 14. 75
Fig 33. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 15. 77
Fig 34. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 16. 79
Fig 35. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 17. 81
Fig 36. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 18. 83
Fig 37. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 19. 85
Fig 38. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 20. 87
Fig 39. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 21. 89
Fig 40. 1H and 13C spectra of compound 22. 91
Fig 41. Isolated compounds from E. koreanum (continued). 93
Fig 42. Effects of compounds 122 and berberineHCl (BER) on PCSK9 and LDLR regulation in the HepG2 human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line. The mRNA expressions of PCSK9 (A) and LDLR (B) were assayed by qRT-PCR in cells treated with compounds 122 for 24 h 94
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dc.format.extentv, 105-
dc.language.isokor-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subject음양곽-
dc.subjectBerberidaceae-
dc.subjectEpimedium korenum-
dc.subjectPCSK9 발현 억제-
dc.subject플라보노이드-
dc.subject고지혈증-
dc.subjectHerba Epimedii-
dc.subjectEpimedium koreanum-
dc.subjectprenylated flavonoid-
dc.subjectPCSK9-
dc.subjectLDLR-
dc.subjectcholesterol-
dc.subject.ddc615-
dc.title음양곽의 화학 성분과 PCSK9 발현 억제 활성-
dc.title.alternativeChemical constituents of Epimedium koreanum and their inhibitory activity against PCSK9 expression-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorEeray Kim-
dc.contributor.department약학대학 약학과-
dc.description.degree박사-
dc.date.awarded2021-08-
dc.contributor.major생약학-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000167747-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000046▲000000000053▲000000167747▲-
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