CXCL5 secreted from macrophages during cold exposure mediates white adipose tissue browning

Abstract

Adipose tissue affects metabolic-related diseases because it consists of various cell types involved in fat metabolism and adipokine release. CXC ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a member of the CXC che-mokine family and is highly expressed by macro-phages in white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we generated and investigated the function of CXCL5 in knockout (KO) mice using CRISPR/Cas9. The male KO mice did not show significant phenotype differ-ences in normal conditions. However, proteomic analysis revealed that many proteins involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and mitochondrial localization were enriched in the inguinal WAT (iWAT) of Cxcl5 KO mice. Cxcl5 KO mice also showed decreased pro-tein and transcript expression of genes associated with thermogenesis, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a well-known thermogenic gene, and increased expression of genes associated with inflammation. The increase in UCP1 expression in cold conditions was significantly retarded in Cxcl5 KO mice. Finally, we found that CXCL5 treatment increased the expression of transcription factors that mediate Ucp1 expression and Ucp1 itself. Collectively, our data show that Ucp1 expression is induced in ad-ipocytes by CXCL5, which is secreted upon beta-adren-ergic stimulation by cold stimulation in M1 macrophages. Our data indicate that CXCL5 plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism, partic-ularly upon cold exposure. These results strongly suggest that targeting CXCL5 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for people suffering from dis -orders affecting energy metabolism.