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Sex, menopause, and age differences in the associations of persistent organic pollutants with thyroid hormones, thyroxine-binding globulin, and peripheral deiodinase activity: A cross-sectional study of the general Korean adult population
Cited 3 time in
Web of Science
Cited 4 time in Scopus
- Authors
- Issue Date
- 2022-09
- Publisher
- Academic Press
- Citation
- Environmental Research, Vol.212, p. 113143
- Abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can disrupt the thyroid hormone system in humans. We assessed the associations of several POPs with serum thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and investigated the modulating effects of sex, menopausal status, and age on these associations, in a subgroup of the adult population (n = 1250) from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. PCB105 and PCB118 were negatively associated with total T4 in premenopausal females and males aged < 50, whereas the associations were insignificant in other groups. PCB180, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT showed positive associations with total T3 in postmenopausal females; however, among males aged > 50, PCB118, PCB138, and p,p'-DDE showed negative associations with total T3. The effects of exposure to multiple POPs were examined in multi-factor analyses. Factor 2 comprised PCB52, hexachlorobenzene, and BDE-47 was associated with an increase in free T4 in premenopausal females (beta = 0.015, p = 0.024), while Factor 1, which contained most POPs, was associated with a change in total T3 in postmenopausal females (beta = 0.032, p = 0.040) and males aged >= 50 (beta =-0.039, p = 0.023). Changes in total T4 or total T3 could be explained by differences in thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and peripheral deiodinase activity (G(D)). Negative associations of TBG with PCB105 in premenopausal females and PCB153 in males aged < 50 may mediate the effect of decreasing total T4. PCB180, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, and Factor 1 were positively associated with G(D), which is consistent with an increased total T3 in postmenopausal females. PCB118 was negatively associated with G(D) and total T3 in males aged >= 50. BDE-47 and beta-hexa-chlorocyclohexane were associated with thyroid autoantibodies in premenopausal females and males aged < 50. Our observations suggest that the thyroid-disrupting effects of POPs may differ by sex, sex hormonal status, and age, and may be mediated by TBG and G(D).
- ISSN
- 0013-9351
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