The importance of muscle mass in predicting intradialytic hypotension in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Abstract

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are susceptible to sarcopenia. As intracellular reservoirs of water, skeletal muscles are important contributors to intradialytic hypotension. This study was designed to determine the role of skeletal muscle mass in in-tradialytic hypotension.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, the body composition of 177 patients was measured immediately after hemodialysis using bio-electrical impedance analysis. The parameters measured were skeletal muscle mass, intracellular and extracellular water contents, total body water, and cell-membrane functionality (in phase angle at 50 kHz). Data from laboratory tests, chest radiography, measure-ments of handgrip strength and mid-arm circumference, and questionnaires were collected. The main outcome was intradialytic hypo-tension, defined as more than two episodes of hypotension (systolic blood pressure of <90 mmHg) with intervention over the 3 months following enrollment. Logistic regression models including each parameter related to sarcopenia were compared with a clini-cal model.Results: Patients with a low ratio of skeletal muscle mass to dry body weight (SMM/WT) had a higher rate of intradialytic hypotension (40.7%). Most low-SMM/WT patients were female, obese, diabetic, and had a lower handgrip strength compared with the other pa-tients. In the high-SMM/WT group, the risk of intradialytic hypotension was lower, with an odds ratio of 0.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.28) and adjusted odds ratio of 0.06 (95% CI, 0.01-0.29).Conclusion: Measurement and maintenance of skeletal muscle can help prevent intradialytic hypotension in frail patients undergoing hemodialysis.