Growth arrest and its risk factors after physeal fracture of the distal tibia in children and adolescents

Abstract

Background: . This study performed to investigate the incidence of growth arrest such as leg length discrepancy (LLD) and ankle joint angular deformity and its risk factors after physeal fracture of the distal tibia in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: . Consecutive 78 patients (mean age 11.4 +/- 2.0 years; mean follow-up period 2.0 +/- 1.2 years) treated for the distal tibia physeal fracture were included. All patients underwent preoperative ankle radiographs, three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans, and postoperative follow-up teleradiogram. Patients were divided into two groups according to the LLD and the difference of lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) with the contralateral limb as follows: Group 1 (growth arrest), patients with LLD = 1cm or difference of LDTA >= 5 degrees; Group 2 (normal growth), patients with LLD < 1cm and difference of LDTA < 5 degrees. Results: . The overall incidence of growth arrest was 12.8% (10 of 78). The mean displacement measured using CT scan was 4.4 +/- 3.2 mm (range, 0.8-14.9). Of the total 78 fractures, 65 were treated surgically and 13 fractures were treated conservatively. The initial fracture displacement was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to other factors. Initial displacement was the only significant risk factor for growth arrest (p<0.003). The cutoff values of initial displacement between the two groups were 5.2mm. Conclusions: . This study showed that degree of initial displacement was the only significant risk factor for growth arrest after physeal fracture of the distal tibia in children and adolescents. Therefore, physicians should consider the possibility of growth arrest for patients with severely displaced physeal fractures of the distal tibia. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.