Better caregiver mastery is associated with less anxiety in individuals with cognitive impairment

Abstract

Background When caregivers have a high level of caregiver mastery, their care recipients with cognitive impairment have less behavioral health problems. However, the relationship between caregiver mastery and anxiety among care recipients over time is unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine that better caregiver mastery is associated with less anxiety in individuals with cognitive impairment over time.

Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted using the Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial (NCT03682185) dataset and guided by Factors Associated with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia conceptual framework. This study included 154 dyads of individuals with cognitive impairment and their caregivers. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed on changes in anxiety. Model 1 included variables at the level of neurodegeneration (i.e., cognitive impairment and age). Model 2 added patient factors (i.e., sleep problems and depression) with the Model 1. Finally, Model 3 included caregiver factor (i.e., caregiver mastery) with the Model 2 to examine how changes in caregiver mastery influence changes in anxiety of care recipients.

Results Model 3 was statistically significant; after controlling for variables at the level of neurodegeneration associated with cognitive impairment and patient factors, improvement of caregiver mastery over time (β =-0.230, p = 0.015) was related to decreased anxiety over time (R2 = 0.1099).

Conclusions Caregivers with high caregiver mastery may have better knowledge on how to care for their loved ones and how to manage their neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therefore, improving the level of caregiver mastery by providing psychoeducational programs and resources that family caregivers need will help reduce the frequency of anxiety in individuals with cognitive impairment.