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Analysis of Pesticide Multiresidues in Agricultural Products Using Dopant-Assisted APCI GC Q-TOF : Dopant-Assisted APCI GC Q-TOF를 이용한 농식품 중 잔류 농약 다성분 동시 분석

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dc.contributor.advisor오기봉-
dc.contributor.author차경훈-
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-20T04:29:43Z-
dc.date.available2023-11-20T04:29:43Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.other000000179024-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/196686-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000179024ko_KR
dc.description학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부, 2023. 8. 오기봉.-
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to develop the optimal dopant system and a rapid screening method for the quantitative analysis of 417 pesticide multiresidues using a high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) connected with a gas chromatograph-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (GC-APCI). A large-volume dopant bottle with a bypass valve was newly adopted for a convenient and constant supply of APCI dopant solvents, such as acetonitrile, methanol, water and their mixture (1:1:1, v/v/v). Among those four different dopants methanol resulted in the highest sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of pesticide multiresidues. Methanol-dopped condition was used to produce protonated molecular [M+H]+ ions, and fragment ions were produced by broad-band collision-induced dissociation mode (bbCID).In methanol-doped conditions, 340 peaks out of 437 peaks (417 pesticides) were detected at 100 ng/mL of the solvent standard, increasing up to normally 10 times higher than dry N2 gas spray. The sensitivity of 229 peaks increased, of which 45 peaks increased >30 times by peak area (n = 2, average value) compared to the dry N2 condition. The highest sensitivity increase was observed with pyraclofos, which showed a 278-fold increase. High level of identification of compound was carried out by three ways of 1) molecular ion [M+H]+ and bbCID data, 2) mSigma with high mass accuracy ≤ 5ppm and 5 mDa and 30) overlapping of quatifying ion and qualifying ion. When the solvent standards and matrix-matched standards (orange, pepper, and rice) were analyzed at the concentrations of 1.0 - 100 ng/mL, 319 - 339 pesticides from 417 pesticides were identified at the 100 ng/mL level with a mass accuracy ≤ 5
ii
ppm and 5 mDa mass error windows. Even at the 1 ng/mL level, 188 - 251 pesticides were identified with the same mass error windows Twenty representative pesticides were selected for validation of analytical performance. All the pesticides showed good sensitivity, showing LOQ under 1.0 ng/mL for all matrices and the retention time variation expressed by relative standard deviation (RSD; %) was below 0.1 % for all selected compounds. The recoveries at two spiking levels (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg) in all samples ranged from 70 to 120% with RSD of ≤20 %, indicating acceptable accuracy and precision of the developed method. Matrix effect in pepper and rice showed suppression, while enhancement was observed for orange. The illegally contaminated pesticides in organic orange, imazalil and thiabendazole, were critically identified in this study. The developed method using methanol dopant-assisted GC-APCI-Q-TOF technique is very promising for target and non-target screening and sensitive quantification for hundreds of pesticides in a single run.
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dc.description.abstract본 연구에서는 고분해능과 높은 질량정확도의 기체크로마토그래피-사중극자 비행시간 질량분석기(GC Q-TOF)를 이용하여 417종의 농약 성분을 고감도로 정성, 정량스크리닝할 수 있는 분석법을 개발하였다. 기체크로마토 그래피로 분석하기에 적합한 농약성분 들을 분석하기 위하여 이온화 방식은 대기압 화학이온화법(APCI)을 채택하였다. 이온화 효율을 높이기 위해서 용매 (Dopant)를 질소 가스로 퍼징하여 소스에 쉽게 도입할 수 있는 밸브가 달려있는 병을 도입하였으며, 물, 메탄올, 아세토나이트릴 등을 실험하였다. 이 용매가 함께 사용되게 되면 모분자이온([M+H]+)의 생성률이 높아 지게 된다. 세가지 용매 중에서 메탄올을 사용하였을 때가 감도와 재현성이 가장 좋았다. 건조한 질소가스만 흘려주며 이온화시켰을 때보다 평균적으로 10배 이상 감도가 향상되었다. 434 피크 (417종의 농약) 중에서 340 피크가 100 ng/mL 수준에서 검출되었다. 229피크가 감도가 향상되었으며, 그 중에서 45피크는 30배 이상 감도가 향상되었다. 가장 감도가 많이 향상된 예로는 pyraclofos로 278배나 감도가 향상되었다. 정확한 정성확인 및 정량을 위해서 모분자이온과 조각이온들을 5 mD의 질량오차, 5 ppm의 질량정확도, 30 mSigma이하의 동위원소 매칭도를 적용하여 용매표준품과 오렌지, 고추, 쌀등에 농산물에 적용하였다. 100 ng/mL에서는 319에서 339피크가 검출되었으며, 1 ng/mL에서도 188에서251 피크들이 검출되었다. 20종의 성분을 선택하여 검출한계, 정량한계, 검량선의 직선성, 회수율, 메질효과등을 검증하였다. 20성분 모두 검출한계와 정량한계 0.001 mg/kg이하까지 검출할 수 있었으며, >0.99이상의 검량선 직선성을 얻을 수 있었다. 회수율 검증을 위해서 0.01 과 0.05 mg/kg 두 수준에서 반복 회수율 시험을 수행하였으며, 70-120%, 분석오차 20%이내를 만족하여, 정확도와 재현성을 만족함을 확인하였다. 매질효과 (ME)의 경우 고추와 쌀에서는 억제되었으며 오렌지의 경우는 증대되게 나타났다. 유기농 오렌지에서는 imazalil과 thiabendazole이 검출, 확인 되었다. 개발된 분석법을 이용하여 수백 종의 농약성분을 고분해능과 높은 질량정확도로 빠르게 정성, 정량 할 수 있음을 확인하였다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsTable of Contents
Abstract i
Table of Contents iii
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Introduction 1
Pesticides: general aspects 1
Classification of pesticides 1
Global pesticide usage 5
The maximum residue levels (MRLs)of pesticide in/on food or feed and the importance of pesticide multiresidue analysis 8
Trends in pesticides analysis since 2000s 12
The purpose of the present study 14

Materials and Methods 15
Chemicals and materials 15
Equipments 15
Agricultral samples 15
Analytical standard 16
GC conditions 16
APCI Q conditions 17
Q-TOF conditions 17
Data post processing 18
Adoptation of dopant introduction device 18
Selection of best dopant for optimal APCI conditions 22
Identification of compounds 22
Quantification of compounds 23
Validation of analytical methods 23
Linearity of calibration curve 23
LOD and LOQ 24
Reproducibility of retention time and are 24
Recovery 24
Matrix effect (ME) 25
Identification of suspect compounds in orange blank matrix 25
Results and Discussion 28
Pesticide used in this study 28
Pesticide detection by GC EI-MS/MS and its limitation 34
Principle of GC-APCI and its advantages versus EI 40
Q-TOF as a high-resolution MS 48
Sample preparation method for pesticides analysis 56
Analytical quality control in MS technologies with mass calibration
and lockmass 60
Comparision of dopant introduction techniques 64
Selection of best dopant solvent 68
Identification of compounds 80
Method validation 92
Linearity of calibration curve 94
LODs and LOQs and linearity 102
Reproducibility of retention time and area 108
Recovery (% RSD) 112
Matrix effect (%) 114
Identification of suspect compounds in orange blank matrix 123
Conclusion 132
References 133
Definitions of terms relating to GC APCI Q-TOF 140
Supplementary Materials 145
Abstract in Korean 198
Literature Contributions 200
Acknowledgments 201
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dc.format.extentxi, 201-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectPesticide multiresidues-
dc.subjectHigh-resolution accuracy mass-
dc.subjectQuadrupole-
dc.subjectTime-of-flight-
dc.subjectDopant-
dc.subjectGC-APCI-
dc.subject.ddc630-
dc.titleAnalysis of Pesticide Multiresidues in Agricultural Products Using Dopant-Assisted APCI GC Q-TOF-
dc.title.alternativeDopant-Assisted APCI GC Q-TOF를 이용한 농식품 중 잔류 농약 다성분 동시 분석-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorKyung Hoon Cha-
dc.contributor.department농업생명과학대학 농생명공학부-
dc.description.degree박사-
dc.date.awarded2023-08-
dc.contributor.major응용생명화학-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000179024-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000050▲000000000058▲000000179024▲-
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