Colombia's procurement marketplace

Abstract

The beginning of this third decade in the XXI century seems to be questioning a big deal the structure and functionality of all the different forms of states and governments around the world. Global events such as COVID -19 pandemic and the warlike conflicts among nations, have urged many countries to start interpreting the different forms of governance and state functions with a different rationale, which includes the integration of all kinds of strategies, negotiations and instruments, in special those of the digital kind and IT related ones, to help comply in the inherent function to any government of security, economic stability and peace, shook off by the aforementioned situations. Among those instruments, the particular use of e-platforms in the government function of procurement is of special interest for this study. Procurement as a necessary tool to comply with the government objective of delivering services to the community, is also a powerful tool to improve the conditions of the local market and effectively impact the national economy since the amounts of resources involved in them is considerable, as an example, in the OECD country members it accounts for a third of all government spending and 13% of all GDP (OECD, 2019). For this reason, this study has focused on Colombian e-procurement system, trying to provide a quick but convenient glance into the influence that the implementation of its newest e-platform SECOP 2 has had on the procurement marketplace in Colombia, and to see how the modalities of Direct Contract and Public Bidding affect the conditions of greater and better conditions of the procurement marketplace in Colombia. In an initial moment, secondary data was collected from the open data source of the central purchasing body in Colombia CCE. This data had to be filtered and cleared since many inconsistencies were present in it. The data elements taken from both platforms had to be standardized into a singular form, so the analysis could be brought about. Then, to evaluate the direct relation between the implementation of the SECOP 2 platform and the contracts and providers, a supply contracts and providers ratio was established to justify a simple relation between supply and demand. The statistical model was then proved by revising the tendencies of the variables available and a multiple regression model was run, including 3 special elements derived from the supply contracts issued by the Colombian state agencies between the years 2013 to 2022 for SECOP 1 and 2016 to 2022 for SECOP 2. The first element for the analysis of the conditions of the procurement marketplace in Colombia as control of the model is the time of execution of the contracts averaged in days, from the day of the uploading the contract to the platform to the day the contract was settled. The second element is the monetary resources involved in the execution of the contract. This element was averaged to fit the model better since the numbers are just too high given the fact the account for monetary resources in Colombian pesos. The third and final element are the platforms S1 and S2 themselves as dummy variables. Some other variables helped in controlling the model such as the modalities of contracts. Finally, a sensitivity model was run given the limitations of the analysis. This model proves the analysis with robustness since the most important conditions of the marketplace for procurement were included in the model.

이 연구는 특히 최신 플랫폼인 SECOP 2가 콜롬비아의 조달 시장에 미친 영향을 분석합니다. COVID-19 팬데믹과 국가간의 분쟁과 같은 전 세계적인 사건을 고려할 때, 세계 각국의 정부와 국가 체제의 구조와 기능이 심각하게 의문을 받고 있습니다. 디지털 전략과 IT 관련 도구의 통합은 정부의 안전, 경제 안정성, 그리고 평화를 보장하기 위한 필수적인 요소로 여겨지고 있습니다. 본 연구는 정부 조달에서의 전자 플랫폼 활용에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 이를 통해 서비스 제공뿐만 아니라 지역 시장과 국가 경제에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사항을 연구하고자 합니다. OECD 국가에서는 조달이 정부 지출 및 GDP의 상당 부분을 차지합니다. SECOP 2의 영향을 분석하기 위해 콜롬비아의 중앙 구매 기관에서 보조 자료를 수집하고 표준화하였습니다. SECOP 2의 구현과 공급 계약 및 공급업체 간의 관계를 평가하기 위해 공급 계약 및 공급업체 비율에 대한 통계적 모델을 개발하였습니다. 모델에는 계약 실행 시간, 관련된 금전적 자원, SECOP 1 및 SECOP 2의 더미 변수 등의 변수들이 포함되었습니다. 계약 모드 등의 다른 변수들도 모델을 제어하기 위해 사용되었습니다. 마지막으로, 한계를 해결하고 결과를 견고하게 하기 위해 감도 분석이 수행되었습니다.

SECOP 2가 콜롬비아의 조달 시장에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써, 본 연구는 전자 플랫폼이 정부의 조달 프로세스를 개선하고 시장 조건을 향상시키며 경제 성장을 촉진하는 방법을 보다 포괄적으로 이해하는 데 기여합니다