연령, 공간관계 및 제시물 유형이 유아의 유추적 전이 수행에 미치는 효과

Abstract

Objectives: This study tested four- and five-year-old childrens analogical transfer of spatial relations from samples consisting of either richly decorated geometric shapes or concrete objects. It also examined whether young children would transfer containment relations more readily than they would transfer support relations, and whether the difference between childrens transfer of containment and support relations would vary with object type and age. Methods: Four- and five-year-old children (N = 73) recruited in Busan were presented with a spatial analogies task adopted from Huttenlocher and Levine (1990). Children were asked to transfer containment and support relations from samples consisting of either richly decorated geometric shapes or concrete objects, to three choices consisting of concrete objects. Results: First, four-year-olds successfully transferred containment relations only from concrete objects, whereas five-year-olds did so from both types of objects. Second, four-year-olds failed to transfer support relations regardless of object type, whereas five-year-olds successfully transferred support relations from richly decorated geometric shapes. Third, five-year-olds overall showed better performance than four-year-olds. Finally, children transferred containment relations more readily than they transferred support relations only when the samples consisted of concrete objects (but not when the samples were geometric shapes). Conclusion: The results suggest that childrens transfer of spatial relations overall improves between ages four and five years and that young childrens transfer of support relations (less salient spatial relations than containment) may benefit from the use of geometric shapes.