Clinical Guidelines to Diagnose and Manage Dental Patients with Hyposalivation and Xerostomia

Abstract

Xerostomia is defined as the subjective complaint of dry mouth with or without hyposalivation, which is insuf ficient salivary secretion from salivary gland. Xerostomia can lead to multiple oral symptoms such as dental caries, halitosis, burning mouth syndrome, and oral candidiasis, which can significantly impact the well-being of patients, especially in geriatric patients who may already have compromised health. Clinical findings of xerostomia include decreased salivary flow and alterations in salivary composition. These changes can lead to various oral health prob lems such as dental caries, periodontitis, swallowing and speaking difficulties, taste disturbances, halitosis, mucosal diseases, and burning mouth syndrome. Recognizing these clinical manifestations is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Although several reasons and risk factors have been suggested for xerostomia such as ag ing, chemo-radiation therapy, systemic disease, and Sjögrens syndrome, the polypharmacy is recently highlighted especially in elderly patients. Understanding the etiology and risk factors associated with xerostomia is crucial for effective management. To manage xerostomia patients, a multidisciplinary guideline should be established beyond dental care. Through this literature review, we summarized consideration for diagnostic, therapeutic, nursing essen tials for the clinical guideline. By addressing the underlying causes and implementing appropriate treatment strate gies, healthcare professionals can improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from xerostomia.