Comparison of sandblasted and acid-etched surface implants and new hydrophilic surface implants in the posterior maxilla using a 3-month early-loading protocol: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we measured the primary and secondary stability of two surface-treated implants placed in the posterior maxilla, applied 3-month loading protocols, and compared and analyzed the short-term outcomes of the implants. Patients and Methods: From June 2018 to June 2019, patients with a residual bone height of 4 mm in the posterior maxilla were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups to place SA implants (Osstem Implants, Korea) in Group A and NH implants (Hiossen, USA) in Group B. Finally, 14 implants placed in 13 patients in Group A and 17 implants placed in 14 patients in Group B were analyzed. The measured primary and secondary stability of each implant was represented by implant stability quotient (ISQ), and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Results: Group A consisted of patients with an average age of 62.2 years (range, 48-80 years), and Group B consisted of patients with an average age of 58.1 years (range, 35-82 years). Primary stability was 73.86 +/- 6.40 and 71.24 +/- 5.32 in Groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.222). Secondary stability was 79.07 +/- 5.21 in Group A and 78.29 +/- 4.74 in Group B (P = 0.667). A steep increase in ISQ during the healing period was observed in Group B, though it was not significant (P = 0.265). The mean follow-up period was 378.5 +/- 164.6 days in Group A and 385.3 +/- 167.9 days in Group B. All implants in each group met the success criteria, and the success rate was 100%. Conclusion: Two surface-treated implants placed in the posterior maxilla with greater than 4 mm alveolar bone height exhibited successful one-year treatment outcomes if a primary stability of 65 or higher ISQ was obtained and a 3-month early loading protocol was applied.