Platon의 대화편 Euthydemos의 분석

Abstract

Sociates narlates to Crito a remailtable scene in which he has himself talcell -pait, and 111 which the two blotheis, Dionysodoros and Euthydemos, are the chief pelformers. They have accomplished a remarkable art, that is, the art of eristic or fighting with wolds, originated from Eleatic philosophy. They declare that they can also teach virtue in a very shott time and in the best manner. Sociates lsdesirous that the youth Kleinlas should have the benefit of their instructioiis. They decide to tea& on the condition that the young man should be willing to answer qu$stions. The instluction or the exhortation to virtue begins. "Are those who learn, the wise or the ignorant?" says Euthydemos. "The wlse," is the reply, But in the process of dialogue, Kleinias comes to agree that when one learned, one did not know and was not wise." Next, Dionysodoros' attack begins: "Who are they who learn the dictation of the grammar- master; the learned boys or the unleained boys?" "The leained," is the reply. "Then your last answer to Euthydemos was wrong," says Dionysodoros. They simply seem to use amphibology, but at a deeper level, there lies their unique philosophy. Socrates, perceiving that the two strangers are not serious, is desirous of showing the way in which the exhortation to virtue should be carried on. I-Ie argues that all men desire good; that the knowledge and wisdom are the only good, and ignolance and folly the only evil; and that wealth, health, beauty, etc., being in themselves neither good nor evil, become good only through knowledge and wisdom, alld bring happiness. The conclusion is that one must seaich after 'wisdom', and become a philosopher, or lover of wisdom. "Certai~lly I will do my best," says ICleinias. The tw70 brothels recommence their own exhortation, svhlch is of quite another sort. They aslied Socrates. "Do you want ICleinias to be wise?" "Yes." "Is he now wise?" "No." "Then you want him to be what he is not, that is, to perish!" Here, Ictesippus, the lover of Icleinias, interposes in great excitement. Quickly entangled in the meshes of their sophistry, he finds that for them there are no contradlction, no error, no ignorance, no falsehood. ICtesippus brealcs out. But, pacifying him, Socrates renews the conversation with Icleinias. 140 Their conversation begins at the point they left off. The point is, as described above, the conclusion that Kleinias must become a philosopher. Philosophy is the possession of knowledge, which must do us good and makes us happy. What knowledge is there which has such a nature? Kleinias and Socrates are described as wandering about in a wilderness, vainly searching after the art of life and happiness. At last they met with the kingly art. But ~t only gives them the most hard question. SO in despair Kleinias and Socrates request the two heroes' aid. Euthydemos argues as follows: someone cannot know and not know; so, Socrates who knows something, cannot know some things and not know others; therefore Socrates knows all. A similar play of words follows. At last, ironically Socrates and Kleinias confess that the two heroes are invincible.