오늘의 러시아 철학사상 - 그 흐름과 전망

Abstract

The transition from Soviet to Russian philosophy has not signified the death of Marxian thought, but rather, its transfiguration. Indeed for many Russian philosophers, Marxian thought has shed its ideoological ornaments to become a legitimate thought among others in the vast history of European philosophy.

Since the early sixties a large group of young philosophers began to cautiously question the doctrinization of Marxism and to challenge the state ideology. With the demise of the Soviet system, these philosophers restructured their philosophical couceptions further to view Marx not as a Saint, but as only one of the influential thinkers in the worlds intellectual history. Stepin, Lektorsky, Motroshilova, Soloviev and Gusseinov are among those who belong to the reform circle.

While some have developed their own theories of knowledge and science on the basis of Marxian assumptions, others resort to Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger and Habermas in search of alternative explanations and paradigms. Despite their differences in approaches, their spirit is very much humanistic. During Perestroika these philosophers helped to initiate a process of humanization of socialism. Now, the entire movement in Russian philosophical thinking is geared towards promting a culture of humanism - believed by most Russian intellectuals to be the truly Russian heritage.